The article provides a historical analysis of adoption and spread of Christianity (the Christianization) as a state religion in Armenia during the reign of the Armenian king Tiridates III the Great (A. D. 287–330) and in the days of St. Gregory the Illuminator (Grigory Partev), the first enlightener and spiritual mentor of the Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church, as well as relation of the religion to military service, the role of the church and the actions of clergymen in different periods of history in the army of Armenia. The article discloses formation of military spiritual service, forms and methods of activities of regimental chaplains both in peacetime and in wartime, aimed at carrying out activities that contribute to the formation of persistent moral-combat and moral-spiritual qualities among military personnel. Examples from the Holy Book in relation to military service are given.

Communicative competence is important for young people, as it influences their academic achievements and plays a significant role in adapting to the team and society. In addition, it affects the emotional well-being of an individual, which can be considered as a prerequisite for effective actions in the present and a resource for future success. The development of communication skills is one of the main tasks of education in any community, since the preparation of the younger generation for successful socialization and integration is the most important task of modern pedagogy. The formation of personal communication skills is closely related to the process of socialization and is a key aspect of the formation of the life position of young people. Both in domestic and foreign pedagogy, much attention is paid to the development of communication skills and socialization. They are considered as important problems related to the successful integration of young people into society, based on humanistic ideas in the field of education.

This article presents the results of a study aimed at studying the influence of gamification on the level of self-efficacy in the context of corporate training. Two groups of subjects participated in the experiment: an experimental group consisting of 102 363 participants who were trained in digital format using game elements, and a control group consisting of 44 523 participants who were trained in digital format without game elements. The results of the study showed an increase in the level of self-efficacy in both groups of subjects after training. The experimental and control groups demonstrated a similar effect in increasing the level of selfefficacy. This result indicates that the introduction of game elements into corporate training does not significantly affect the level of self-efficacy, however, it can minimize the negative attitude of employees to longer and more complex training programs in electronic format.

The article represents a comparative and theoretical analysis of the interaction of adolescents with strangers in the environment of Internet communications. The risks associated with communication on online platforms have been identified which may subsequently have a dramatic result. The need for external control over the activities of Internet communication platforms is emphasized. The positive dynamics in the process of forming social relationships with strangers in an online environment with proven effectiveness in real life is highlighted.

The article reveals the moral and aesthetic aspects of the pedagogical potential of Russian literature and their influence on the formation among cadets of military universities of a sense of belonging to the greatest mission of the Russian army, which is to liberate peoples from resurgent neo-fascism and nationalism. The heroic images and examples of courage and perseverance of the Russian soldier reflected in literature instill in future officers pride in belonging to the great Fatherland.

Today, the educational services market of educational services is characterized by high competition among higher education institutions. The article analyzes the impact of the quantity and quality of contract students on the activities of an educational organization. The issue of positioning an educational organization is considered as one of the important aspects in the competition for contract students.

This paper examines the ideas of some modern researchers about the influence of the experience gained in the parental family and family attitudes on the indicators of marital communication. During the regression analysis, it was revealed that the ease, trustfulness and psychotherapeutic nature of marital communication in women are influenced by attitudes such as “Attitude to people”, “Attitude to children”, “Sense of duty and pleasure” and “Autonomy/dependence”, as well as such styles of family emotional communication as “Over-involvement” and “External well-being”. In men, mutual understanding, trust and the formation of common family symbols with a partner are influenced by such attitudes as “Attitude to money”, “The importance of the sexual sphere”, “The prohibition of sexual topics”, orientation to duty compared to pleasure, as well as such a style of parental communication as “Elimination of emotions”.

The purpose of the study is to develop organizational and pedagogical conditions for professional development of teachers in the prevention of hidden social orphanhood of students. Research methods: surveys, self-observation, self-assessment, analysis of diary entries and social passports of families. The expediency of implementing the development of professional skills of a teacher through “learning in activity”, involving teachers in research, project, directly pedagogical, advisory, etc. work is substantiated. The conclusion is made about the effectiveness of parallel work to improve the teacher’s qualifications and solve the tasks of preventing social orphanhood.

The article discusses features of theatrical activity. The influence of involvement in theatrical activity on the psychological characteristics of students, their emotional intelligence and psychological well-being is investigated. With the help of Pearson’s correlation analysis, the relationship of the parameters of emotional intelligence with the scales of psychological well-being, as well as the relationship of the above parameters with the frequency of theater attendance, were found. Additionally, changes in the emotional states on different stages of the show trial and intragroup relationships dynamics were studied.

Engagement is considered as a state characterized by high motivation for the activities performed, active distribution of personal resources to perform tasks related to the work role, orientation towards the quality performance of one’s activities. Since engagement includes in its content the commitment of a person to his cause and his organization, two types of this state are analyzed: engagement in work (work engagement) and engagement in the organization (organizational engagement).

In this article, the authors discuss the relevance of the views of the great scientist and teacher K. D. Ushinsky in our days, since the modern realities of the digitalization of society exacerbate the issue of the cultural essence and the formation of the personality of a young person. It is in the art classes in additional education, according to the authors, that the resources of folk pedagogy according to Ushinsky are applicable. Among the main directions are offered: education of youth in accordance with the national system of values and a personality-oriented approach to classes to achieve the creative development of students. As an example, the content of classes in the vocal studio of a typical institution of secondary vocational education is analyzed.

The article reveals the importance of the personality of an employee of the penitentiary system (penal system) in reforming the Russian penitentiary system in terms of humanizing relations both between employees and convicts, and between employees themselves. The role of the departmental higher education institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the education of the future employee of the penal system as a person and professional is substantiated. The value content of the moral education of cadets of a departmental university is determined, in which a special place belongs to ethical responsibility, as a value that finds an imperative continuation in the requirements imposed on the employee of the penal system by professional ethics. The scientific ideas of scientists about the professional ethics of an employee of the penal system, which reflects the norms and requirements for an employee, are analyzed. It is substantiated that the professional ethics of an employee of the penal system provides value content for the implementation of the moral education of cadets.

In recent decades, the state educational policy in Russia has changed markedly. A unified state exam has been introduced in secondary schools. The training of specialists in universities was replaced by bachelor’s and master’s degrees, destroying Soviet educational programs. A significant part of face-to-face forms of meaningful interactions have been replaced by information technologies and distance learning. All these transformations are often justified by references to the theory of cultural and historical development of higher mental functions and the psychological theory of activity. At the same time, the results of “optimization” in educational institutions of the country come into direct contradiction with these theoretical approaches and correspond to naive hypotheses that “the brain inside the brain generates the psyche with the help of the brain, based on the processing of information coming through the senses”.

The article deals with the problem of the formation of the moral potential of students in educational organizations. Conceptual and theoretical statements about the essence and content of the moral potential of students are formulated. Sociological data on the research problem are given.

The article discusses the possibility of using the developments of the Moscow Methodological Circle (MMC) to improve education. The authors highlight such an aspect of the traditions of methodological communication that have developed in MMC as a specific practice of posing, clarifying and using questions. The first part of the article presents the results of an analysis of the practice of working with questions both at MMC seminars and at organizational activity games (OAGs). The authors discuss the role of questions in maintaining the integrity of methodological reasoning, highlight the types of questions in seminars, and describe a number of established techniques for working with questions. The authors consider the practice of working with questions at OAGs as a further development and technologization of the practice of working with questions at seminars. The role of positions (positional schemes) and the orthogonal organization of the discussion space in the formulation and use of questions is discussed. The second part of the article presents a number of interactive questioning techniques based on the developments of the MMC and the results of their use. Based on this experience, the authors conclude that the practices of working with questions that have developed in the Moscow Methodological Circle have great educational potential; Based on this experience, it is possible to develop methodological techniques, techniques and forms of educational situations that can be used in mass education both at university and at school.

The article presents a new understanding of the process of education in secondary vocational education. The features of secondary vocational education are revealed, which allow us to talk about conditions that significantly distinguish educational activities in professional educational organizations from similar work in schools. The basic principles of the organization of students’ labor activity are presented, the connection of the processes of growing up with the participation of students in social activities is shown. Promising directions for improving education in secondary vocational education are proposed.

In educational organizations, along with normotypic peers, certain categories of students with special educational needs receive education: disabled children, children with disabilities, gifted children, children with deviant behavior, children from socially vulnerable groups (children from orphanages, children from migrant families, bilingual children). Inclusive education — ensuring equal access to education for all students, taking into account the diversity of special educational needs and individual opportunities. An inclusive educational space is a place where all students are provided with conditions for personal development, self determination and socialization based on the values, rules and norms of Russian society. The article defines the main approaches to educational work with children with special educational needs in inclusive education, identifies the psychological and pedagogical features of children with special educational needs and defines the main approaches to educational work with this category of children.

A new interpretation of the famous work of Mikhail Prishvin “The chain of Kashchey” is proposed. The main ideas of the author’s concept of ontogenesis are outlined: the distinction between childhood and the formation of personality, the idea of cultures of life. Then, relying on the work “The chain of Kashchey” as an empirical material, the childhood of Kurymushka-Alpatov is analyzed: the situation of “prama”, the understanding of the adult world with the help of schemes, fairy tales and metaphors, the expansion of the child’s independence within the framework of prama, the attitude towards the hero’s mother and governess Masha. The next section of the study is outlined — a characteristic of the formation of the personality of KurymushkiAlpatov. Here are considered: the disintegration of prama, a deep crisis of development, switching of relations to the children’s community, the formation of thinking, the first independent actions, fluctuations in terms of self-determination of the individual.

Steady success in forming Russian citizens can only be reached with upbringing and socialization institutions functioning in coordination. With this in mind the Russian practice of the late years is analyzed. It is shown that there is no full coordination in this sense on the basis of national Russian values. In many cases these institutions confront each other in their work. This results in a number of problems and contradictory results in upbringing and socialization. Some measures to harmonize these processes are suggested.

This article deals with the problem of educating moral and patriotic guidelines in the formation of an imaginary picture of the world of schoolchildren by means of fiction in modern conditions. The analysis of pedagogical and methodical literature was carried out and the material on the indicated problem was summarized. The authors determined the main moral and patriotic guidelines for the education of schoolchildren, substantiated their selection, considered the methodological possibilities of their use in classroom and extracurricular classes in literature. The program of the elective course for the 10th grade “The Image of the Small Motherland in Russian and World Literature” is presented; specific examples of its implementation are given.