The study of the genesis of arbitrary activity by Vygotsky’s followers led to the ideas of the activity approach, which took root in the Moscow methodological circle (Shchedrovitsky, Lefebvre, Davydov, etc.) by the end of the 1950s. In the early 90s, the primacy of the activity approach in domestic education was officially declared, in spite of fair criticism from the supporters of the information-needs concept of man developed by Simonov and Ershov (based on the ideas of Sechenov and Stanislavsky). Their concept took into account the focus of any needs on either preservation of what has already been achieved, or on all new development (with the inevitable negation of what has been previously achieved). The connection of this dichotomy with positive and negative emotions, revealed in a new way the role of game activity in transformations of actual human need dominants.

In modern pedagogy, as a result of the transition to training according to federal educational standards, active attention is paid to the personal qualities of students, the formation of competencies that will help them adapt to rapidly changing environmental conditions. This issue is relevant at the current stage of training the younger generation and contributes to solving the main requirement of the new standards (FGOS) “teach to learn”. This article discusses the possibilities of web quest technologies to increase the cognitive activity of students. The pedagogical conditions for using web quest technologies in English classes are highlighted, the stages of creating web quest technologies are defined.

The article presents an analysis of domestic research on the problem of professional mobility of the individual. Acceleration of scientific and technological progress, introduction of innovative technologies leads to the process of obsolescence of professional knowledge and skills of personnel. In conditions of high economic activity, high technology, professional mobility is important in the qualification structure of a modern specialist. The article deals with the theoretical aspects of approaches to understanding the phenomenon of professional mobility and its essential characteristics. Considerable attention is paid to research aimed at studying the psychological prerequisites for the development of professional mobility. Prospects for further study of this phenomenon are outlined.

The use of games in education depends on the direction of training: 1) on mastering professional pedantry or 2) on mastering professional virtuosity. Stanislavsky’s method of “simple physical actions” helps to solve pedagogical problems of school lessons. Not only because it prevents students from refusing to perform the teacher’s tasks, but also because it becomes a methodological support for teachers in freeing the process of teaching children from the cult of awareness, imposed by thought-activity pedagogy and violating the natural links between the development of individual curiosity in schoolchildren and their natural disinterestedness.

In the modern world, social networks play a key role in the formation of a personal brand and professional self-presentation. However, there is a shortage of research on features in self-presentation behavior that could contribute to professional growth and professional self-realization in older women. The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of selfpresentation in social networks of women of three generations: X, Y and Z. The study was conducted on the basis of a survey of 108 women. An analysis of their online activity showed that the most competent, from the point of view of experience, group of the able-bodied population, belonging to the generation of women X, uses the available resource least of all to promote professional and public self-presentation on the social network.

The paper considers the attitude to culture as an operationalization of the culture of relations and taking into account the holographic correlation of personal and general culture. Particular attention is paid to subject relations and their features. Some crisis phenomena in the development of modern culture and society and their internal contradictions are noted. The situation of a change in the general attitude to culture that has occurred over the past century, which has given rise to mass culture and a “one-dimensional person” consuming it, is stated, which is proposed to be designated as a cultural transition. Cultural transition can be seen as a concretization of the theory of cultural lag in modern conditions. The possible consequences of the cultural transition for the development of society in a situation of civilizational breakdown are discussed.

The problem of increasing the effectiveness of the teacher’s educational activities is largely related to how actualized and developed his professional and personal individuality is. In this regard, pedagogical technique and biomechanics are often underestimated. On the contrary, the elements of pedagogical technique are considered a consequence of the manifestation of the teacher’s individuality. In this article, the task is to identify the potential of theatrical and sports biomechanics in the development of the teacher’s personality in order for him to carry out effective educational activities. As a result of the study, biomechanical indicators of the educator were determined, allowing to assess the probabilistic characteristics of the success of his educational activities.

The article presents the actual problem of studying the career self-determination of a proactive personality. The problem of proactive career building is revealed in modern scientific domestic and foreign studies through such basic psychological concepts as potential, strategy, orientation, skills. The personal and organizational determinants of the implementation of a proactive career are analyzed. In this study, the universal characteristics of career proactivity are highlighted, and it is also shown that the system-forming property of career activity in the VUC environment is proactivity as an integral property of personality. In the paradigm of the system approach, the authors proposed a proactive career model for the VC environment, which includes three main components: value-motivational, strategic and competence. The integral nature of proactivity ensures relationship between these components of the career activity system, penetrating and filling each of them with content.

The article presents an analysis of domestic research devoted to the problem of the development of transfessionalism for engineering specialists. The acceleration of scientific and technological progress, the introduction of innovative technologies lead to a process of constant need to increase professional knowledge, the development of new competencies, often from completely different professional fields. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism that ensures the development of transfessional — occupational mobility as a significant personal characteristic that ensures the projective management of one’s professional development and transformation of the professional environment. Occupational mobility acts as a mechanism of transition from the level of a professional (a specialist with competencies within one profession) to the level of a transprofessional (a specialist with competencies in a number of related professions), and subsequently — a transfessional (an expert of a supra-professional level synthesizing competencies of completely different professions in his professional activity) The article discusses the theoretical aspects of understanding the phenomenon of professional mobility and its essential characteristics. Considerable attention is paid to research aimed at studying the psychological prerequisites for the development of occupational mobility, and prospects for further study of this phenomenon are outlined.

The article presents a study of self-reflection of the creative activity of older people in relation to cognitive and hedonistic well-being. As a result, positive correlations were found between creative activity and hedonistic well-being (r = 0,51; p < 0,001), creative activity and cognitive well-being (r = 0,29; p < 0,001) in old age. There were no differences in the creative activity of older respondents according to their gender. The results can be used by social and psychological services to work with the elderly in order to improve their psycho-emotional state and correct the level of well-being.

The article discusses the possibility of using students’ own questions to enhance their cognitive activity and increase their intellectual independence. Based on modern logic and methodology, the authors argue that the ability to independently raise and improve questions is a necessary condition for both thinking and learning activities. At the same time, the modern school not only does not teach to raise questions, but also excludes situations where students could do this. The article gives an overview of the modern world experience of integrating students’ own questions into the educational process. The authors describe the methods they developed for organizing students’ questions, aimed at understanding and writing texts on the content of academic subjects.

The destructive activity of adolescents is considered as a conscious manifestation of destructive activities that contribute to illegal behavior and behavioral deviations that harm social, mental and physical health. It is proved that the destructive activity of adolescents can lead to dangerous consequences: involvement in destructive communities, illegal behavior, tragic events, child and adolescent suicides. The role of the class teacher in the early identification of the causes and conditions that contribute to the destructive activity of students, including in the information space, is actualized. Positive interventions, expansion of the space of constructive interaction in educational and extracurricular activities are proposed. Special attention is paid in the article to the optimization of digital communications as tools of socio-pedagogical prevention of destructive activity of students.

A higher than average degree of peculiarities in the educational and professional activity of students at the initial stage of vocational training and a propensity for an active lifestyle in the process of professional training were revealed. The average indicator of educational and professional propensity to act rather than think has been determined. A high correlation has been established between the characteristics of educational and professional activity, the propensity for an active lifestyle in the process of professional training and the general indicator of educational and professional activity of students.

The article discusses the results of studying the cognitive activity of students of the lyceum. The psychological factors involved in the interaction of attention stability and speed of thinking, as well as types of temperaments of students (melancholic type of temperament, sanguine type of temperament, phlegmatic type of temperament, choleric type of temperament) are analyzed. The characteristics considered are of interest to psychologists, doctors, teachers and other specialists involved in the educational process.

In modern pedagogical activity, it is necessary to return the “living language”. The combination of hermeneutic procedures with the “method of simple physical actions” (Stanislavsky) is aimed at this. As a result, students get acquainted with the effects of linguistic “deconstruction” (Derrida) in an accessible form, which reveals the semantic traces of multiple linguistic differences, references and absences. It gives a rise to “dialogues of indifference” among students with a teacher, among themselves, and most importantly — with their inner interlocutor, or even with an imaginary author about the deep content of his scientific and methodological work. So it becomes the guarantor of the informal development of the studied specialty.

The aim of the study was to study the existing practices of the formation of territorial identity in the framework of the educational process of a rural school. The purpose of psychological diagnostics was to study the social adaptation, activity, autonomy, moral education of students, the level of formation of their self-concept (self-attitude) and territorial identity. The study was conducted during 2022 on the basis of rural schools in five regions of the Russian Federation: Tambov, Sverdlovsk, Irkutsk, Saratov regions and the Krasnodar Territory. Students of 8–10th grades of rural schools in the amount of 771 people took part in psychological testing, of which 340 people were 8th graders, 330 people were 9th graders, 101 people were 10th graders. Distribution by gender: girls — 408 people, boys — 363 people. The results are presented that characterize students of rural schools in terms of such indicators as socialization, self-concept (self-attitude), territorial identity. The result of the analysis of existing practices of formation of territorial identity within the framework of the educational process of a rural school showed the need to develop pedagogical mechanisms for the process of formation of territorial identity.