The article presents a number of propositions and hypotheses of V. P. Zinchenko concerning development in ontogenesis. His commitment to L. S. Vygotsky’s cultural and historical concept and the changes and additions he makes to it are shown. His views on the child’s mastery of the word and the development of actions and images interrelated with it are given. The ideas about the self-development of personality in culture and the danger of rigid purposeful personality formation are reflected. The general scheme of the genome of cultural and historical personality development is described.

In this article, the authors discuss the relevance of the views of the great scientist and teacher K. D. Ushinsky in our days, since the modern realities of the digitalization of society exacerbate the issue of the cultural essence and the formation of the personality of a young person. It is in the art classes in additional education, according to the authors, that the resources of folk pedagogy according to Ushinsky are applicable. Among the main directions are offered: education of youth in accordance with the national system of values and a personality-oriented approach to classes to achieve the creative development of students. As an example, the content of classes in the vocal studio of a typical institution of secondary vocational education is analyzed.

Steady success in forming Russian citizens can only be reached with upbringing and socialization institutions functioning in coordination. With this in mind the Russian practice of the late years is analyzed. It is shown that there is no full coordination in this sense on the basis of national Russian values. In many cases these institutions confront each other in their work. This results in a number of problems and contradictory results in upbringing and socialization. Some measures to harmonize these processes are suggested.

The article analyzes the experience of instilling burning hatred for the Nazi invaders among the Red Army and Red Navy men, shows features of agitation and propaganda activities by means of the military press. The paper presents and analyzes the specifics of influence on the consciousness and behavior of military personnel of information about the atrocities of fascist monsters on the occupied territory in military magazines, central, district and naval newspapers, bulletins, leaflets, combat leaflets. Recommendations are formulated for modern command and military-political bodies on the use of this experience in militarypolitical propaganda and agitation for the formation of the image of the enemy and readiness to defend their Fatherland during a special military operation among the military and the entire Russian people.

В статье анализируются значимые вехи истории изучения в российской педагогической психологии образовательной среды развития учащихся, выделяются ее основные модели, а также показано их значение для оптимизации учебно-воспитательного процесса формирования мышления и личности в современном образовательном пространстве.

The article presents the results of an all-Russian study of civic-patriotic values in a modern school. The psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of patriotic and civic values have been analyzed. In order to find the factors that determine this situation, an analysis of the patriotic values of schoolchildren was carried out, including the following sections: objects of identification; image of the Motherland; life goals and patriotic values; life position and socially significant activity; preferences and plans.

The article provides a historical analysis of the formation of the Armenian army, with the formation of Armenians as a people. The activities of well-known historical political and military figures, spiritual mentors in patriotic education, morale-combat training and the formation of troops are presented. The philosophical and ideological principles developed simultaneously with the development of military art, which were set out in the “Regulations of the code of honor of the Armenian military of the 4th-5th centuries”, are revealed.

The article considers the main problems raised by modern researchers concerning adolescent identity formation in the digital environment. The experience of forming the civic identity of schoolchildren in the digital space in educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation is briefly presented.

The article deals with the psychological concept of “psychic trauma”, the author’s method of psychological assistance “Systemic formation of the life path of the individual”. Its consideration is proposed to be carried out on the basis of the “4D-existence of a person” model, which describes the relationship of a person with himself, the social world, the objective world and life activity. Psychic trauma is defined as a deformation of a person’s relationship with himself and the world. The types of deformation are considered: distortion, infringement, suppression, destruction, loss, initial absence. Diagnosis, verbal gathering of information about the client’s symptom is discussed.

In the modern educational environment, modeling is an effective method of research and optimal design of an object or phenomenon. In this article, the modeling method is defined as a specific method of cognition, which includes the construction of models, their study in order to obtain new information about the phenomenon under study. The author’s model of the formation of foreign language linguistic abilities of preschool children in the conditions of joint activities of a teacher, children and parents is revealed, the possibility of introducing the developed model into the system of teaching a foreign language to children of preschool age is substantiated.

The article presents the results of a study on the peculiarities of the formation of a responsible attitude among young students to the handling of weapons, highlights the general theoretical foundations that determine the formative model. The proposed version of the programs included in extracurricular activities allows you to expand the possibilities of the educational potential of this component. The organization of a rich moral and legal practice acts as a means capable of helping to reduce social risks among students.

The article presents the results of All-Russian studies on the formation and development of civil-patriotic values in modern Russian school, and the psychological and pedagogical conditions of their formation are analyzed. The search for new approaches to solving actual theoretical and practical problems of civil and patriotic education of schoolchildren has been carried out. Effective and promising ways of improving patriotic education in general education organizations have been identified, and the importance of online information resources in the process of educating teenagers in the context of digitalization of education has been updated.

The article reveals the process of professional training of teachers of Suvorov military schools for the formation of a military-professional orientation of pupils. Strategies, directions, forms, methods and techniques are considered that contribute to the effective training of specialists for the upcoming activities in the formation of a military-professional orientation among Suvorovites based on the organization of their project activities.

The purpose of the study: to study the students’ ideas about the “reference” qualities of a person. Hypotheses: 1. Ideas about “reference” qualities of a person are formed through various social mechanisms. 2. Effects of direct influence of teachers on the formation of students’ ideas about “reference” qualities may not be great. Methods: psychodiagnostics (USK test questionnaire), research methodology (questionnaire “Man-woman — husband-wife” (MZHML)), rank correlation.

We consider an exemplary fragment of the introductory natural sciences course, designed within the activity approach. The magnetic interaction concepts’ acquisition is described as students’ special work in the «text-lab-model» triad, revolving around the practical task of following the compass. We focus on the mediation role of the learninginquiry actions in the students’ transition from «naive» to scientific concepts.

The national education system modernization is associated with the various innovation inputs. The fast pace of taking place changes, the increasing complexity of tasks to ensure the education quality in its informatization and digitalization, the ever-increasing requirements for teachers’ professionalism and competence have led to the constant transformation of the teachers’ professional activity and various transforming of their functions, status and role positions, and used pedagogical tools. There are some aspects resulted the subject under consideration studying and analyzing to substantiate the author’s position on the possibilities and prospects of implementing the Subject-Subject education paradigm in interactive forms of joint creative activity due to each participant’s self-organization in the education process (teaching + learning).

The article shows how and thanks to what visual and instrumental cognitive science makes it possible to put into practice the principle of «teach, explore — explore, teach», which helps to find ways to improve educational and scientific activities in a new reality with its characteristic intensification of information flows and the growth of the dynamics of various changes.

The article discusses the advantages of systematic approach to studying the problems of Russian education system development in the context of new reality formation. According to the authors the architecture of the upcoming model of the Russian education system should be guided by the best traditions in the study area of the Soviet education system and the experience of the educational process, which has been accumulated during the use of Bologna model.

The article substantiates the relevance of the development of strategies for overcoming stress and the development of hardiness. The psychological concept of life is considered, which is defined as a person’s relationship with himself and the world. The content of the “copingstrategy” is clarified, its difference from reactive response to stress. The own definition of the concept of “hardiness (life resilience)” within the framework of the author’s method of psychological assistance “System formation of the life path” is given. The natural strategy for the development of hardiness is revealed. A description of the author’s psychotechnics is given: “Conscious self-regulation in overcoming negative emotions” and “Strengthening the strategy of hardiness (life resilience)”.

The article deals with the psychological and pedagogical problems of the formation of leadership qualities of cadets in the conditions of modern military education. It is assumed that the origins of this problem are due to the technocratic approach to education in general. It is argued that the realization of the leadership potential of cadets is due to the type of pedagogical process that is implemented in a military university and directly by the teacher. The ways of practical use of both traditional approaches and innovative pedagogical ways, methods and means in the pedagogical practice of military education are proposed.