In article of review type the problem of vocational development and adaptation of children with autism spectrum disorders is highlighted. A model for the formation of vocational direction — Bicycles is presented as a complex approach to the formation of skills and superior mental functions. This model can be used for comprehensive formation of students with special educational needs. Our solution considers a child’s cognitive, behavioral difficulties, and complications with social adaptation and interaction. The Bicycle formation model can be presented as a formation structure enabling to expand the informational and cognitive scope of a child. It provides an opportunity to foster not only skills, but also highest mental functions in children with disabilities; it provides determination and enhancement of their vocational skills.

The article examines the impact of valuable factors on professional determination — motives for choosing a profession and life-meaning orientations. The relationship between the motives of professional determination and the value orientations of senior schoolchildren has been studied. a correlation analysis was carried out between motives and life-meaning orientations using the Spearman correlation coefficient.

The study aimed to test the hypothesis that students of a Belarusian university enrolled in distance learning programs with the use of distance educational technologies demonstrate higher levels of intrinsic motivation as well as a correlation between motivation and academic achievement compared to students in traditional face-to-face programs. The study included 114 students from the 2nd and 3rd year, attending face-to-face (N = 40) and distance learning programs (N = 74). The methods used included the “Academic Motivation Scale”, as well as the grade point average, and the Carol S. Dweck questionnaire to assess academic achievement. The findings showed that distance learning students exhibited a higher level of intrinsic academic motivation, while face-to-face students demonstrated a stronger presence of external motivation. Motivation among distance learning students was also found to be more strongly correlated with indicators of academic achievement.

The article presents the results of a comparative historical study of the role of institutional factors of education in the content of the social situation of the development of Soviet and modern primary school students. As an objective component of the social situation of the development of schoolchildren, the laws on education corresponding to the historical period regulating the relationship between family and school were considered. The parameters of the subjective component of the social situation of development were motivational preferences, self-esteem and the level of claims, anxiety of younger schoolchildren. It is shown that the modality of institutional factors has a significant impact both on the educational environment itself and on the child’s attitude to the new system of social relations for him.

The article presents the results of a study on the relationship between the psychological climate in the team and motivation for success among the employees of the career center and the HR department of the company “DOM.RF”. The study revealed differences between the indicators of interns and permanent employees and demonstrated a direct relationship between the favorability of the psychological climate and a high level of staff motivation.

The question of the need to clarify the conceptual apparatus in the analysis of empirical data, including motivational indicators, is discussed. Various classifications of academic motives created on the basis of different theoretical approaches are reflected in the methodological tools, primarily in questionnaires. The material obtained with using of some projective techniques can be interpreted in different ways, based on different terminology. An adequate understanding of the data concerning academic motivation involves the correlation of the types of academic motives presented in different classifications. An attempt at such correlation is presented in this article.

The reform of education has been shaking Russian society for more than a decade: the social, economic, political prerequisites for innovations are changing, the research ranks are replenished with new faces in the field of theory and practice of pedagogical thought. The lack of awareness of innovative risks for students and teachers, taking into account the experience of generations, is an urgent topic for scientific discussions and discussions today.Nowadays, when we are consciously entering the complex band of cognitive, cultural and communicative maturity, time to research works of K. D. Ushinsky is coming.

The article discusses the main methods and techniques that are aimed at developing the skills of pedagogical work in future officers within the framework of professional activities for the effective implementation of the main directions of military-political work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, taking into account regulatory requirements, psychological characteristics of the formation of the personality of military personnel and achievements of military pedagogical science and practice.

the native language with the focus on motivational design. The study covers various aspects of using texts and exercises that are aimed at stimulating student motivation and interest in learning their native language. The analysis results allow to identify some characteristics of effective motivational design which foster student interest in educational materials. John Keller’s motivational model was utilized. It suggests designing the learning process (including educational tasks) by the means of four components such as learners’ attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction.

The article reveals the importance of motivational component in preparing competitive teachers in an ever-changing world and focuses on the future teacher’s motivation to develop multipotential abilities at different stages of his/her higher education. The in-depth interviews conducted among 1st–4th year students of the Institute of Psychology and Education of Kazan Federal University revealed the most important groups of students’ motives for the development of multipotential abilities, as well as the differences between the motives of first and last year students. This fact indicates that student teachers’ motivation changes throughout the period of their study at the university. This paper contributes to the research on the development of multipotential abilities of future teachers in the system of higher education by providing new data on the motives that motivate students to participate in various activities during their study to acquire new skills and competencies.

Drug addiction is currently one of the acute social-psychological problems affecting adolescents. A large number of sociological, medical and psychological studies have been carried out on this topic. In the latter, the subject of study was mainly psychological differences between drug addicts and psychologically healthy adolescents. In these studies, however, little attention has been paid to the study of motivation of various types of social behavior, although drug addiction is one of such behavior types. Until now, there have been no studies of drugaddicted and healthy adolescents in terms of their development of motivation aimed at achieving success and avoiding failure. It became the subject of this study. Significant differences in these types of motivation between psychologically healthy and addicted adolescents have been found. Based on the results obtained, practical recommendations for the prevention of adolescent drug addiction are formulated.

The article presents some results of research aimed at studying transformations in the design component of teacher’s professional activity within the framework of flipped classroom and station rotation models of blended learning as well as correlating the identified transformations with students’ learning motivation. This paper focuses on the key changes in the educational process caused by the use of the indicated blended learning models and students’ attitude toward them. The author has found a positive effect on students’ learning motivation within flipped classroom and station rotation models.

The relevance of the presented article is determined by the fact that teachers are a professional and social group that is in direct interaction with the new generation, which will build our common future; the effectiveness of the educational process, the values and value orientations of students, their lifestyle depends on the professionally motivated teachers. The purpose of the article is to identify objective and subjective factors of teachers’ motivation for intellectual and creative, professional and personal self-development and career growth, and the tasks are to identify the circumstances that impede their comprehensive self-improvement, and consider ways to overcome them.

The article discusses the formation of professional and legal culture of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in conjunction with its structural components. Among the structural components of the formation of professional and legal culture of cadets, the following stand out: motivational, cognitive, activity and reflexive.

The article is devoted to the problem of personal motivation. The definitions of the concept of “motivation” are considered. Attention is paid to the motivation to achieve success and avoid failure. The results of a study of the motivation to achieve success and avoid failure of students of a higher educational institution are presented. Features of the behavior of people with the studied types of motivation are shown.

The article discusses the statement about the dominance of the motivational-value component over others in the development of the readiness of cadets of training military units for professional self-education. The study involved 123 cadets of the training battalion studying under the training program for military personnel, accepted for military service under a contract in military units for the protection of important state facilities, special cargo, facilities on communications. A comparative analysis of the hostel and educational motivation of cadets of the training battalion was carried out. The leading motives are revealed, and their comparative analysis is carried out at different stages of cadets’ professional training. Scientific novelty lies in the study of the influence of the motivational-value component on the readiness of cadets for self-education within the framework of the training program. As a result of the study, the need for purposeful creation of conditions for the development of the motivational-value component of readiness for self-education among cadets in training military units was revealed.

The article discusses the features of school anxiety of modern children aged 8–9 years, provides the results of the analysis of indicators for individual factors of school anxiety. The relationship between the features of the manifestation of school anxiety and the level of educational motivation of younger schoolchildren was found.

In the modern world, social networks play a key role in the formation of a personal brand and professional self-presentation. However, there is a shortage of research on features in self-presentation behavior that could contribute to professional growth and professional self-realization in older women. The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of selfpresentation in social networks of women of three generations: X, Y and Z. The study was conducted on the basis of a survey of 108 women. An analysis of their online activity showed that the most competent, from the point of view of experience, group of the able-bodied population, belonging to the generation of women X, uses the available resource least of all to promote professional and public self-presentation on the social network.

The article deals with the issues of interaction between the teacher and students, reflecting their general image in the process of formation of the last passionary qualities. At the same time, the author proposes the organization and conduct of training sessions in the specialty only by the teacher who is necessarily a carrier of passionate energy. In order to actualize the problem of training specialists whose activities are associated with a risk to health, and physically hard work is often performed in adverse environmental conditions, it is proposed to consider the solution of the pedagogical problem on the example of the organization of the educational environment in the preparation of cynologists-figuranty in cynological units of the federal executive authorities of the Russian Federation.

Global changes in the geopolitical situation in the country and the world, in the socio-cultural space, large-scale informatization and media pressure have a direct impact on society, cause active modulations of behavior and value-semantic sphere in the younger generation of Russia, projecting their future in a situation of extreme uncertainty. The choice of effective strategic directions of educational policy in the context of uncertainty within the framework of the general education system is a necessary but insufficient condition. Strategic objectives of the implementation of educational policy should be provided with effective technologies that meet the requirements of the time and society.