In recent decades, the state educational policy in Russia has changed markedly. A unified state exam has been introduced in secondary schools. The training of specialists in universities was replaced by bachelor’s and master’s degrees, destroying Soviet educational programs. A significant part of face-to-face forms of meaningful interactions have been replaced by information technologies and distance learning. All these transformations are often justified by references to the theory of cultural and historical development of higher mental functions and the psychological theory of activity. At the same time, the results of “optimization” in educational institutions of the country come into direct contradiction with these theoretical approaches and correspond to naive hypotheses that “the brain inside the brain generates the psyche with the help of the brain, based on the processing of information coming through the senses”.

The article deals with the problem of the formation of the moral potential of students in educational organizations. Conceptual and theoretical statements about the essence and content of the moral potential of students are formulated. Sociological data on the research problem are given.

The article discusses the possibility of using the developments of the Moscow Methodological Circle (MMC) to improve education. The authors highlight such an aspect of the traditions of methodological communication that have developed in MMC as a specific practice of posing, clarifying and using questions. The first part of the article presents the results of an analysis of the practice of working with questions both at MMC seminars and at organizational activity games (OAGs). The authors discuss the role of questions in maintaining the integrity of methodological reasoning, highlight the types of questions in seminars, and describe a number of established techniques for working with questions. The authors consider the practice of working with questions at OAGs as a further development and technologization of the practice of working with questions at seminars. The role of positions (positional schemes) and the orthogonal organization of the discussion space in the formulation and use of questions is discussed. The second part of the article presents a number of interactive questioning techniques based on the developments of the MMC and the results of their use. Based on this experience, the authors conclude that the practices of working with questions that have developed in the Moscow Methodological Circle have great educational potential; Based on this experience, it is possible to develop methodological techniques, techniques and forms of educational situations that can be used in mass education both at university and at school.

The article presents a new understanding of the process of education in secondary vocational education. The features of secondary vocational education are revealed, which allow us to talk about conditions that significantly distinguish educational activities in professional educational organizations from similar work in schools. The basic principles of the organization of students’ labor activity are presented, the connection of the processes of growing up with the participation of students in social activities is shown. Promising directions for improving education in secondary vocational education are proposed.

In educational organizations, along with normotypic peers, certain categories of students with special educational needs receive education: disabled children, children with disabilities, gifted children, children with deviant behavior, children from socially vulnerable groups (children from orphanages, children from migrant families, bilingual children). Inclusive education — ensuring equal access to education for all students, taking into account the diversity of special educational needs and individual opportunities. An inclusive educational space is a place where all students are provided with conditions for personal development, self determination and socialization based on the values, rules and norms of Russian society. The article defines the main approaches to educational work with children with special educational needs in inclusive education, identifies the psychological and pedagogical features of children with special educational needs and defines the main approaches to educational work with this category of children.

A new interpretation of the famous work of Mikhail Prishvin “The chain of Kashchey” is proposed. The main ideas of the author’s concept of ontogenesis are outlined: the distinction between childhood and the formation of personality, the idea of cultures of life. Then, relying on the work “The chain of Kashchey” as an empirical material, the childhood of Kurymushka-Alpatov is analyzed: the situation of “prama”, the understanding of the adult world with the help of schemes, fairy tales and metaphors, the expansion of the child’s independence within the framework of prama, the attitude towards the hero’s mother and governess Masha. The next section of the study is outlined — a characteristic of the formation of the personality of KurymushkiAlpatov. Here are considered: the disintegration of prama, a deep crisis of development, switching of relations to the children’s community, the formation of thinking, the first independent actions, fluctuations in terms of self-determination of the individual.

Steady success in forming Russian citizens can only be reached with upbringing and socialization institutions functioning in coordination. With this in mind the Russian practice of the late years is analyzed. It is shown that there is no full coordination in this sense on the basis of national Russian values. In many cases these institutions confront each other in their work. This results in a number of problems and contradictory results in upbringing and socialization. Some measures to harmonize these processes are suggested.

This article deals with the problem of educating moral and patriotic guidelines in the formation of an imaginary picture of the world of schoolchildren by means of fiction in modern conditions. The analysis of pedagogical and methodical literature was carried out and the material on the indicated problem was summarized. The authors determined the main moral and patriotic guidelines for the education of schoolchildren, substantiated their selection, considered the methodological possibilities of their use in classroom and extracurricular classes in literature. The program of the elective course for the 10th grade “The Image of the Small Motherland in Russian and World Literature” is presented; specific examples of its implementation are given.

The upbringing of patriots in Russia has always been an important and significant problem. It is no coincidence that Russia has won the vast majority of wars against a wide variety ofsnations. It is fundamentally important to recognize the following: in these wars, Russia defended itself, its integrity and sovereignty. During the Second World War, the contribution of the USSR to the victory over Nazi Germany and its allies and satellites was decisive. The more blasphemous looks the medal in honor of the victors over fascism, issued in Washington, on which three countries are represented: the USA, England, France.

The article reveals the importance of the process of educating political culture among military personnel and employees of the National Guard troops of the Russian Federation and its role in ensuring the national security of the state in modern conditions. Based on the analysis of modern realities, it is concluded that it is necessary to develop a system for educating the political culture of servicemen and employees of the National Guard troops of the Russian Federation within the framework of military-political work carried out in the troops.

The article reveals the main trends and directions of activity of military and government bodies in organizing propaganda and agitation aimed at finding pedagogical ways and features of forming burning hatred among army and navy personnel for the German occupiers using modern means of radio broadcasting. The authors substantiate the importance and necessity for achieving victory in the war to create in the minds of army and navy personnel the image of the enemy, with all his barbaric and savage acts, as a criminal entity.

The article discusses the issues of instilling a sense of belonging to the Motherland among military personnel performing professional tasks outside the Russian Federation by socio-cultural means, reveals the features of the implementation in the education of military personnel of visual and artistic design of military camps, the educational process, as well as pedagogical conditions for increasing the effectiveness of this process.

The article reveals the issues of instilling in the Red Army and Red Navy men a burning hatred for the Nazi invaders during the Great Patriotic War by means of visual agitation and propaganda. The great power of the poster is shown, which arouses feelings of hatred in the soldiers and the desire to avenge the enemy for his atrocities. Particular attention is paid to the integrated use of visual and oral agitation.

The article analyzes the experience of instilling burning hatred for the Nazi invaders among the Red Army and Red Navy men, shows features of agitation and propaganda activities by means of the military press. The paper presents and analyzes the specifics of influence on the consciousness and behavior of military personnel of information about the atrocities of fascist monsters on the occupied territory in military magazines, central, district and naval newspapers, bulletins, leaflets, combat leaflets. Recommendations are formulated for modern command and military-political bodies on the use of this experience in militarypolitical propaganda and agitation for the formation of the image of the enemy and readiness to defend their Fatherland during a special military operation among the military and the entire Russian people.

В статье анализируются значимые вехи истории изучения в российской педагогической психологии образовательной среды развития учащихся, выделяются ее основные модели, а также показано их значение для оптимизации учебно-воспитательного процесса формирования мышления и личности в современном образовательном пространстве.

Currently, music education in universities in China is developing at an accelerated pace. But, unfortunately, the music education system focuses on the implementation of Western standards, sometimes neglecting the education and inheritance of Chinese traditional music. Because of this, there are problems that the government is trying to solve. The article briefly analyzes the current situation with music education at universities on the inheritance of traditional Chinese music, examines the importance of music education in terms of increasing cultural awareness, expanding the influence of traditional Chinese music. The authors reveal the educational aspect of traditional music in Chinese higher education.

The topic of the article is related to the actual problem of the development of musical and educational activities in modern China, the solution of which is hindered by several factors identified by the author of the article (pedagogical, parental and social). One of the ways to solve this problem is to increase the interest of children in the study of music by enriching the educational repertoire by teachers with piano works by famous composers for children and about children. S. S. Prokofiev is one of such famous composers around the world. Particularly noteworthy is the cycle of his piano pieces “Children’s Music”, written in 1935 in the USSR with the aim of replenishing the educational repertoire of children’s music schools. The plays included in this cycle have programmatic titles and are united by a common storyline that describes the events of one day in a child’s life. The author of the article reveals the educational and didactic potential of these pieces, suggests including them in the “listening to music” section of music lessons in secondary schools in China, as well as in the educational repertoire of children learning to play the piano in conditions of additional musical education. Study of Russian experience by Chinese music teachers will help with this.

The article is devoted to the description of the realization of the educational potential of the pedagogical block of practical tasks. The authors emphasize that it is the content of the pedagogical block of practice assignments that contributes to solving the tasks of education and the formation of significant personal qualities of a student.

The article reveals the State demographic and family policy of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), provides regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the Republic of S(Y) on family policy. The authors of the article examine the demographic and social and pedagogical features of the educational potential of the family. The works of researchers who have studied the national characteristics of the family culture of the peoples of the North-East of Russia are analyzed.

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of crisis and transformational processes in the development of the family, which caused the formation of new forms of it with changed value relations to matrimony, parenthood and kinship. Two interrelated trends are shown, one of which is the liberalization of marital relations, which complicate the transmission of family values to children due to the fragility and high probability of their disintegration; the competition of parenting values with the desire for self-realization and the desire for professional achievements; the erosion of kinship values in nuclear families. The second trend captures the preservation of family values for modern youth, which is confirmed by empirical research. The statement is substantiated that the family, as the main translator of family values, “competes” with other agents of socialization — the media and social networks.