The process of reading is considered in the context of the problem of consciousness. The concept of modes of consciousness functioning is applied, similar to the concept of consciousness registers according to D. A. Leontiev. Four modes of functioning of consciousness, important for psychology, are isolated from literary sources: feeling, distancing, dialogue with the author, internal dialogue. They are supplemented by a meditation register. The concept of chronotope, introduced into science by M. M. Bakhtin, is analyzed according to the criteria of differential psychology. It is assumed that readers’ preferences are due to the similarity of the chronotopes of their life world and the author’s.

В статье анализируется динамика психологических механизмов чтения в истории человечества. Прослеживается переход от спонтанного восприятия символа к рациональному усвоению информации, подражанию и интериоризации авторской речи, трансляции смыслов, их трансформации в сотворческом чтении. Обосновывается понимание чтения как высшей психической функции по Выготскому, которая регулирует смысловое понимание текстов различными способами. Отмечается, что опосредующим функцию смыслового понимания знаком является авторский замысел.

The article presents the results of empirical testing of hypotheses about the various effects of Internet use on adult thinking process. The method of “Essential Signs” by Susanna Rubinstein was used as a tool for determining the state of thinking. Short-term effects were assessed in an intraindividual quasi-experiment, which revealed a significant growth of errors in reasoning under conditions of online search compared to the condition of print reading among the statistical majority (p < 0,01). Long-term effects were studied through a combination of cross-sections and ex post facto research. It was found that the logic of reasoning in adults who have abandoned print reading in favor of Internet practices is significantly worse than in adult readers (p < 0,01) and young people (p < 0,05) due to the emergence of sensoryspecific connections.

The article presents a study of the peculiarities of reading belletristic and scientific texts through various gadgets. Hypotheses about the influence of various gadgets on the speed of reading and understanding of belletristic and scientific texts were experimentally tested. 30 high school students aged 16–18 alternately read 4 scientific and 4 belletristic texts from a computer, tablet, phone (smartphone) and paper. It was revealed that the use of various gadgets when reading leads to different reading speeds and different degrees of understanding of the text, while using different media, the speed and understanding of belletristic and scientific texts are different.

The article presents specific approaches in semantic reading teaching among preschoolers. Special attention is given to uphold the necessity of skills development for further semantic analysis, as well as to inquire into the principles of semantic reading teaching and selecting texts for reading in preschool. The authors describe general methodological approaches to the development of a system of questions and tasks for texts based on various types of reading.

The article highlights the structural and functional approach in the process of teaching semantic reading, analyzes different aspects of the interaction of the author, the reader and the work, identifies ways to solve the problem of adequate perception of the author’s semantic world by the reader. As a tool that helps to penetrate into the meaning of the work, iconic modeling is considered in two varieties — figurative-semantic (verbal drawing) and logicalsemantic models (the technique of “binary oppositions”), which serves as the basis of meaning generation in the process of reading, the reader’s interpretation of the work. The proposed approach allows us to take a fresh look at the methodology of functional literacy formation in the context of the development of semantic reading skills of a literary text.

The article presents research results of auditory and verbal memory of second grade schoolchildren with reading disabilities. At risk school children for dyslexia have specific peculiarities of memorizing verbal information revealed during the experimental observation. The established correlation of these peculiarities with the technical characteristic and semantic aspect of reading demonstrated the need to develop a methodology aimed at the formation, development and improvement of auditory and verbal memory. The developed direction allows to form, develop and improve auditory and verbal memory relevant both for schoolchildren experiencing difficulties while learning and preschoolers with speech disorders related to a risk group for reading disabilities.

The aim of this study is to determine the representation of groups of reading skills in the Federal State Educational Standards 2010 and 2021 and Universal Codifiers for 9th grade within all academic subjects. The main research method in this work is content analysis and comparison of reading literacy skills (RL) according to PISA, the FSES 2010 and 2021 and the Universal Codifier for 9th gradе. The results of the study reflect the сorrelation between RL framework in educational standards, and also fix the need to systematize the RL skills.