The second part of the article contains a description of the methodology and results of the search experiment, which tested the hypothesis of using a new psychophysiological indicator — summery skin potential — for diagnosing the type of temperament. To do this, first, using the Eysenck verbal test, the type of temperament of each subject was determined, then his summery skin potential was recorded, 6 parameters of which were calculated using a special algorithm. Based on the total estimates of all parameters, 2 groups of temperaments were identified, differing in the magnitude and signs of Z-scores: phlegmatic-melancholic (negative Z) and sanguine-choleric (positive Z). In the Eysenck test, these same groups differed only on the basis of extraversion-introversion. Since several parameters of the total skin potential turned out to be, at least at a qualitative level, sensitive to the basic 4 types of temperament, in the future it is planned to continue the study on a larger sample of subjects to quantitatively substantiate the hypothesis.

The use of social stereotypes is a necessity of social interactions and one of the features of interpersonal relationships. As a result, they free a person from making individual decisions in typical situations. The aim of the study was to study the phenomenon of social stereotypy, which grows out of collective ideas and is based on them, to identify the features of social stereotypes of adults, and to detect factors that determine the degree of stereotyping of their thinking. In the format of a pilot study, a written survey and experimental work were conducted, in which 34 people took part. The average age of the respondents was 36,7 years. It is established that collective judgments about other people produce a social stereotype of a projective type; the features of social stereotypes tend to traditionalism and conventionalism; in the study of social stereotypes, the cognitive and value-emotional level of collective representations is important.

In a study involving 114 students with disabilities studying at one of the technical universities in Moscow, a questionnaire of the student’s internal position (D. V. Lubovsky), a variant of the questionnaire of motives for teaching at the university (M. V. Ermolaeva) and an author’s questionnaire of professional identification (M. V. Ermolaeva, D. V. Lubovsky) were used. Three groups of students were identified according to the level of indicators of the internal position. The indicators of the motives of teaching at the university and identification with the content and conditions of future professional activity of representatives of the three groups are analyzed, the directions of their psychological and pedagogical support and prospects for further research are shown.

The article discusses the issues of possible changes in the Russian education system, due to the current political and economic situation in the world. Perspective directions of the actual reformation of general and higher education are determined. As a methodological basis, the category of consciousness is considered, which allows amplifying the competence basis of modern Russian education.

Senior preschoolers’ ideas about conflict resolution were compared with their actual behavior. We used an interview with a child based on cards depicting conflict situations, and questionnaire for teachers. The study involved 20 boys and 20 girls aged 5–6 years and 8 kindergarten teachers. It has been shown that the most common type of conflict resolution offered by children of both sexes is a compromise, with girls offering it more often than boys. The option of using force was the least frequently suggested option. Meanwhile, teachers indicated it as quite frequent in real life. In general, the children’s responses correlated little with the teachers’ observations. This allowed us to conclude that children’s ideas about “correct” behavior are not often realized in their actions.

The article presents specific approaches in semantic reading teaching among preschoolers. Special attention is given to uphold the necessity of skills development for further semantic analysis, as well as to inquire into the principles of semantic reading teaching and selecting texts for reading in preschool. The authors describe general methodological approaches to the development of a system of questions and tasks for texts based on various types of reading.

The article deals with the psychological and pedagogical problems of the formation of leadership qualities of cadets in the conditions of modern military education. It is assumed that the origins of this problem are due to the technocratic approach to education in general. It is argued that the realization of the leadership potential of cadets is due to the type of pedagogical process that is implemented in a military university and directly by the teacher. The ways of practical use of both traditional approaches and innovative pedagogical ways, methods and means in the pedagogical practice of military education are proposed.

The article discusses the main approaches to career and its planning. The emphasis is placed on the social and psychological aspects of a career, the factors contributing to successful career development are described. In this context, career is considered as a purposeful process of active self-realization of a person in professional activity based on subjective awareness of career success. The highlighted theoretical aspects formed the basis for the development and implementation of an educational module in the educational process, as well as an additional professional educational program for advanced training.

A theoretical study of the socio-psychological resources of organizational loyalty as a multidimensional construct, which includes organizational conditions and personal capabilities of employees for building social ties in the organization, has been conducted. It is shown that certain types of organizational culture are set by different terminal and instrumental organizational values, which are considered as different organizational resources of loyalty.

The formation of the subjecthood of teachers, carrying out a purposeful impact on students, was previously considered as a priori given. The pilot study of the formation of the stages of formation of the subjecthood of leaders involved in pedagogical activities and managing the creation of the educational environment made it possible to study the nature of interaction within the educational system. The stages of the formation of subjecthood developed by teachers at high and low levels are singled out, significant relationships are found between the connectivity of the stages of subjecthood with the types of interpersonal relationships.

The article is devoted to the analysis of publications by Russian and foreign researchers devoted to the concepts of entrepreneurship, values and meanings of entrepreneurs. In addition to addressing the basic concepts, the author dwells in detail on the analysis of a significant number of publications on the topic of entrepreneurship and concludes that there is a lack of works concerning the value and semantic orientations of Russian-speaking women entrepreneurs.

A variety of modern studies indicate the impact of parental divorce on various aspects of a child’s personality development. At the same time, we are talking mainly about children who find themselves in an urgent situation of parental divorce. The time-removed consequences of experiencing such a situation and their impact on marital well-being for grown-up children have not been sufficiently studied, which indicates the relevance of the stated issues. The presented research is aimed at studying the features of interpersonal relationships and family attitudes of spouses who experienced the disintegration of an integral parental family in childhood. In the course of this work, it was revealed that painful memories of parental divorce contribute to the formation of selfish and aggressive types of interpersonal interaction in close relationships, lead to dysfunctional marital attitudes.