In modern pedagogy, as a result of the transition to training according to federal educational standards, active attention is paid to the personal qualities of students, the formation of competencies that will help them adapt to rapidly changing environmental conditions. This issue is relevant at the current stage of training the younger generation and contributes to solving the main requirement of the new standards (FGOS) “teach to learn”. This article discusses the possibilities of web quest technologies to increase the cognitive activity of students. The pedagogical conditions for using web quest technologies in English classes are highlighted, the stages of creating web quest technologies are defined.

Socio-economic changes in the national economy of the country also affect the education system. Following the changes in the economy, there is a transformation in the education system: new approaches are being introduced to the organization, content and management of the educational process. One of the successful innovations was the use of a cluster approach. However, the pandemic has brought significant changes to the educational process. Distance, blended learning, digitalization have expanded educational opportunities. Numerous educational organizations have emerged (courses, schools, knowledge centers, etc.). They are in demand by students. They are not included in the educational clusters, and they do not want to be. This means that new forms of educational process management are needed, for example, an ecosystem approach in education. Educational ecosystems allow students to constantly update their knowledge, master new competencies throughout their lives, thereby creating a human ecosystem.

The article poses the problem of the development of critical thinking in the modern education system. Some reasons for the insufficient development of critical thinking and possible consequences of such deficit are considered.

Until recently, the most advanced computer technologies (graphics, mechatronics, popular devices with VR and AR support, multimedia, virtual reality gaming helmets, HD holograms, neurotechnologies, etc.) were at the heart of the entertainment sphere. Today, artificial intelligence has taken a leading place in the training of specialists. Military education for the rapid and high-quality training of its personnel not only uses the most advanced artificial intelligence technologies in practice, but also activates them in the educational process.

The problems and trends of the growth of the personnel shortage in the school education system are considered. The analysis of problems and shortcomings in the professional work of novice teachers is carried out. The role of psychological factors in the adaptation of young teachers to professional activity in modern social and cultural conditions is shown. Mentoring is described as an effective way to adapt to the profession and develop the personality and professionalism of a young teacher. The methodology of psychological and pedagogical support of young teachers at all stages of their entry into the profession has been developed.

The article discusses the advantages of systematic approach to studying the problems of Russian education system development in the context of new reality formation. According to the authors the architecture of the upcoming model of the Russian education system should be guided by the best traditions in the study area of the Soviet education system and the experience of the educational process, which has been accumulated during the use of Bologna model.

The article analyzes the significance of the heritage potential of scientists who defined pedagogical thinking in the XX century, as well as their views on the development of priority areas of pedagogy, in general, and the problems caused by issues and various aspects of child rearing, in particular; compares systems, forms and methods of child rearing, classifications of age periods, as well as physiological and psychological changes occurring in children at various stages of their growing up; based on the conducted historical and pedagogical research, conclusions are drawn about the relevance and feasibility of the scientific potential of pedagogical heritage in modern conditions of the development of pedagogical science and society as a whole.

The problems of the education system in Russia are discussed. The negative consequences of the introduction of the unified state exam in schools and the Bologna system in higher education are highlighted, as well as possible consequences of the ill considered introduction of “digital technologies” and distant forms of education. The necessary conditions for solving such problems are outlined.