The article provides an overview of the current state of application of the concept of “structure of defect” in the practice of special psychology, pedagogy and defectology, as well as an analysis of the problems and shortcomings of differential diagnosis of types of impaired development due to the shortcomings of its conceptualization.

In the Middle Ages, the ever-increasing educational needs in the actively developing Western European civilization caused the rejection of individual method of teaching and pushed the society to search for new didactic solutions which could support the massive involvement of school education. As a result, having a range of alternative ways of the developing educational process, the medieval society made its choice in favour of frontal learning which is still dominating in the world educational system nowadays. The article presents the main factors that influenced this historical choice.

One way to represent the structure of students’ concepts is through the method of concept maps. Their analysis is effectively carried out using network theories, but for meaningful psychological interpretation the possibilities of mathematics are expectedly limited. At the same time, psychological theories of conceptual development provide meaningful directions for the mathematical analysis of concept maps and interpret the results of such analysis. The paper demonstrates possible ways of applying network analysis within the framework of L. S. Vygotsky’s theory.

Based on the results of several experimental studies, the article substantiates the serious influence of the presence of dogs and cats on the characteristics of the state and course of human activity, in particular, during testing. It is shown that in a stressful situation, the presence of a cat has a positive effect on the psychological and physiological state of the subjects, especially men. The article also presents the results of a study of people’s subjective ideas about the role and functions of dogs and cats in the modern family. It has been found that the psychological roles and functions of dogs and cats subjectively perceived by people in modern culture are very diverse, and only a small part of these roles can be considered as related to a potentially formal status (“pet”), for the most part these roles are informal and reflect a variety of socialpsychological relationships.

The ideas of Kuzbass students about the cultural region in the conditions of the development of the Siberian Cluster of Arts (N = 303) with the use of a free associative experiment are investigated. The study of the semantic space of the concept of “cultural region” made it possible to identify its components such as: cultural infrastructure (institutions, events); cultural environment, atmosphere, people; general concepts that define a common vector; public order, cleanliness; community, historicity, ethnicity; education; personal development, freedom of creativity; cultural events accessibility; modernity, fame.

The article, based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, revealed the essence of methodological competence in the preparation of future teachers for educational activities, determined its structure, stages of formation. The results of the study of the reflexiveassessment component of the methodological competence of future teachers in education are presented. Based on the assessment by future teachers of their knowledge, skills of the method of educational work, deficits in methodological competence were revealed. The importance of improving the substantive and procedural component of the teacher’s methodological competence has been proven. The module of preparing him for educational work is described.

There are the mean values of component’s structure agency of a modern teacher in this article. The main sample included 409 school teachers, of which 83,6 % — women, 16,4 % — men, the average age was 37,0 years (SD = 12,7). The components of one’s own uniqueness and ability to self-development are dominated in the structure of agency. The component of understanding and acceptance of another person is the least expressed. The mean values of the components depends on the age, work experience and qualification category of the teacher and does not depend on gender. The teacher’s agency is considered as the professional and personal resource for positive transformations of modern education.

The article discusses various database models, their structure, methods of organization, storage and accessibility of the contained material. The main characteristics of each model, their features, positive and negative sides, and the use of a particular model for developing an application using a database are presented in detail. The rating of database usage according to the “Database Engines” version for creating various applications for 2023 is shown. From this set of models, 7 main databases of the most popular at the moment have been identified. Recommendations are given on the use of databases in the educational process for higher educational institutions.

The article deals with the actual problem of domestic pedagogical education — the problem of formation of future specialists’ desire for self-organization in professional pedagogical activity. The significance of the problem chosen by the author for the study is beyond doubt. This value is determined by the modern socio-cultural realities of Russia. The article presents a deep, from a scientific point of view, valuable analysis of substantive issues within the framework of the consideration of the central concepts of the problem field. In general, the article has a strong theoretical, applied and practicalmeaning.