The article reveals the importance of the personality of an employee of the penitentiary system (penal system) in reforming the Russian penitentiary system in terms of humanizing relations both between employees and convicts, and between employees themselves. The role of the departmental higher education institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the education of the future employee of the penal system as a person and professional is substantiated. The value content of the moral education of cadets of a departmental university is determined, in which a special place belongs to ethical responsibility, as a value that finds an imperative continuation in the requirements imposed on the employee of the penal system by professional ethics. The scientific ideas of scientists about the professional ethics of an employee of the penal system, which reflects the norms and requirements for an employee, are analyzed. It is substantiated that the professional ethics of an employee of the penal system provides value content for the implementation of the moral education of cadets.

The study is devoted to the study of the characteristics and forms of expression of addictive behavior of adolescents. The problem of emotional perception in young people with this type of behavior is considered. The purpose of this study is to assess addictive behavior and its manifestations in adolescence. The study is presented by a theoretical review of the literature, the results of a survey of addictive adolescents.

The article proposes a model of the “subject of one’s own activity” as the highest level of development of students’ subjectivity; the totality of subjectivity in cognition, action, communication, as well as reflexivity. Psychological mechanisms of realization of the activity content of education by means of research and project activities of students are considered. The functions of reflexive types of activity are defined — research, project work, construction, organizational management and strategizing in the formation of psychological neoplasms of students at different age stages. Five stages of the formation of students’ subjectivity in the practice of scientific and practical education have been established, the leading mechanisms of the development of subjectivity through inclusion in a motivating educational environment have been identified.

The Article Defines the Main Stages of Using Regulatory and Legal Information in the Educational Process when Working with Legal Systems, as well as a Comparative Analysis of the Capabilities of the Official Internet Portal of Legal Information and the Internet Version of the ConsultantPlus Legal Reference System Using Practical Examples.

The article presents a description of the practice of multiformat educational accompanied accommodation for young people with mental disabilities with experience of orphanhood, which has been implemented since 2021 in Moscow. The specifics of the practice are highlighted, and the theoretical justification for the use of multiformat educational accompanied accommodation to solve the problems of socialisation of young people with mental disabilities and normalisation of their lives is given. The characteristic of the content is given, the principles of practice realisation are indicated. The results of evaluation of the effectiveness of this form of work are presented.

The article raises the problem of the development of cultural-historical psychology in the direction of an evolutionary-activity approach. The concepts of essence and existence are compared with the concepts of norm and pathology, the concepts of development with the concepts of evolution. It is proved that the main psychological mechanisms of personality development and the evolution of the psyche are competition (comparison), “double reflection”, personogenesis, noogenesis and personal disintegration.

The article examines the manifestations of crises of adulthood in men and women. The potential correlation of early maladaptive patterns and the course of the normative crisis of adulthood is being studied.