A new interpretation of the famous work of Mikhail Prishvin “The chain of Kashchey” is proposed. The main ideas of the author’s concept of ontogenesis are outlined: the distinction between childhood and the formation of personality, the idea of cultures of life. Then, relying on the work “The chain of Kashchey” as an empirical material, the childhood of Kurymushka-Alpatov is analyzed: the situation of “prama”, the understanding of the adult world with the help of schemes, fairy tales and metaphors, the expansion of the child’s independence within the framework of prama, the attitude towards the hero’s mother and governess Masha. The next section of the study is outlined — a characteristic of the formation of the personality of KurymushkiAlpatov. Here are considered: the disintegration of prama, a deep crisis of development, switching of relations to the children’s community, the formation of thinking, the first independent actions, fluctuations in terms of self-determination of the individual.

The article provides a historical analysis of the formation of the Armenian army, with the formation of Armenians as a people. The activities of well-known historical political and military figures, spiritual mentors in patriotic education, morale-combat training and the formation of troops are presented. The philosophical and ideological principles developed simultaneously with the development of military art, which were set out in the “Regulations of the code of honor of the Armenian military of the 4th-5th centuries”, are revealed.

The article presents the results of the study of the dynamics of academic success, as well as success in scientific, social and professional activities of engineering students who were admitted based on the results of the Olympiads in comparison with students who were admitted based on the results of the Unified State Examination. The personal characteristics of students admitted as a result of the Olympiads are described, which determine the specifics of their professional formation during the period of study, as well as the features of their thinking.

The purpose of this article is to identify the main stages in the development of foreign language education at universities in Egypt. The author of the work presents the periodization of the history of the formation of teaching foreign languages in the Arab state under consideration. The developed periodization is based on the principle of correlation of socio-cultural conditions with the determinants of the development of foreign language education. Thus, it is established that the interest of Egypt in the study of certain languages by citizens of the country is often determined by socio-cultural, economic, political factors that have an external impact on the strategy for the development of foreign language education in higher educational institutions of the designated state.

The article presents the genesis of the concept of reflection. The prerequisites for the formation of this concept in the works of Aristotle and Nicholas of Cusa and the actual stages of development of this concept in the philosophy of modern times differ. The concepts of reflection 1.0 are characterized in the works of Locke, 2.0 in the works of thinkers of German classical philosophy (Kant and Hegel), 3.0 in the research of G. P. Shchedrovitsky. Two understandings of reflection are separated: understood as a mechanism of development of the individual, belonging to his personality, and as a process leading to another integrity. The idea of moral reflection is introduced.

The purpose of the article is to study the dynamics of professional development of a person in different fields of activity (teachers, managers). Hypothesis: in the continuation of a person’s career (20–65 years), in a variety of changes at different stages, both the general and the specific inherent in each professional field are distinguished. Methods: historical and theoretical analysis, empirical research (questionnaires), parametric methods of statistics.

The article analyzes the influence of reflection and self-knowledge on the formation of a mature male personality during fatherhood, emphasizing the qualitative interaction between the conscious reflection of his actions and the paternal role. The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the transformation of a man’s personality and the possibilities opened in the process of living his vulnerability and difficult emotions. While the process of reflection is important, the author proposes and justifies the need to maintain a balance between self-reflection and action. This view will be of interest to academic experts and practitioners in psychology, sociology and philosophy.

From the position of the model of the stages of agency formation, the content of the retraining program “Management of an Educational Organization” is characterized, examples of the formation of stages of agency formation in the study of the module “Project Management” are given. It is revealed that the greatest changes occur in the “master” and “creator” stages with the subject-joint ecopsychological type of interaction with the educational environment of the institution.

The article, based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, revealed the essence of methodological competence in the preparation of future teachers for educational activities, determined its structure, stages of formation. The results of the study of the reflexiveassessment component of the methodological competence of future teachers in education are presented. Based on the assessment by future teachers of their knowledge, skills of the method of educational work, deficits in methodological competence were revealed. The importance of improving the substantive and procedural component of the teacher’s methodological competence has been proven. The module of preparing him for educational work is described.

The first part of the article covers establishing of pedagogical activity among East Slavs ancestors in the society before the formation of classes, upbringing and teaching in slavic tribes on the verge of creating the Ancient Russia are characterized, national pedagogics of Ancient Russia is reconstructed on the basis of folklore sources.