The article discusses approaches which formed the basis for constructing a model for the formation of reflexive-prognostic skills, provides a brief description of each chosen approach and its impact on the construction of the model, describes the necessary theoretical and methodological provisions and the legal framework underlying the model. The given model is given a description of its structure, elements, blocks and a brief description of each block is given, indicating its functionality in the operation of the model itself. The article presents those researchers whose works were used in drawing up a model for our study. An attempt is made to present the developed structure of the digital educational environment in which the formation of reflective and predictive skills will take place.

Socio-economic changes in the national economy of the country also affect the education system. Following the changes in the economy, there is a transformation in the education system: new approaches are being introduced to the organization, content and management of the educational process. One of the successful innovations was the use of a cluster approach. However, the pandemic has brought significant changes to the educational process. Distance, blended learning, digitalization have expanded educational opportunities. Numerous educational organizations have emerged (courses, schools, knowledge centers, etc.). They are in demand by students. They are not included in the educational clusters, and they do not want to be. This means that new forms of educational process management are needed, for example, an ecosystem approach in education. Educational ecosystems allow students to constantly update their knowledge, master new competencies throughout their lives, thereby creating a human ecosystem.

The article considers the educational space of the university as a basis for the development of the student’s personality. Methodological approaches to the definition of the essence of the concept of “educational space” are presented. The analysis of the terms “educational space” and “educational environment” is carried out. The levels that the educational space includes are considered; the factors on which the effectiveness of the space depends, as well as the principles on which it is necessary to rely when designing the educational space of the university. As an example, the educational space of Kaluga State University named after K. E. Tsiolkovsky is considered as a set of educational environments of different orientation (educational, scientific, cultural and creative, information and digital, professional, etc.), focused on various youth activities that form the pedagogical design of a modern university. The degree of satisfaction of students with the conditions created within the framework of a specific university environment was revealed, based on data obtained from a survey of students conducted by the Center for Licensing, Accreditation and Quality of Education of K. E. Tsiolkovsky KSU.

The article discusses the advantages of systematic approach to studying the problems of Russian education system development in the context of new reality formation. According to the authors the architecture of the upcoming model of the Russian education system should be guided by the best traditions in the study area of the Soviet education system and the experience of the educational process, which has been accumulated during the use of Bologna model.

The article considers a set of measures that ensure the successful formation of technological competence in students. Fundamental aspects of the formation of technological skills are revealed using the example of acquiring experience in the interaction of radiation and matter. This includes theoretical and practical education, scientific research and the application of knowledge in real projects. The competency-based approach is the basis for determining the ways and conditions for increasing the effectiveness of the formation of technological competence in students, as well as the optimal solution of professional problems by graduates using various technologies. Taking into account modern approaches to improving the process of forming technical skills in students in the field of research into the interaction of radiation and matter, the article lays the foundation for further developments in this area.