The article reveals the moral and aesthetic aspects of the pedagogical potential of Russian literature and their influence on the formation among cadets of military universities of a sense of belonging to the greatest mission of the Russian army, which is to liberate peoples from resurgent neo-fascism and nationalism. The heroic images and examples of courage and perseverance of the Russian soldier reflected in literature instill in future officers pride in belonging to the great Fatherland.

The article reveals the importance of the personality of an employee of the penitentiary system (penal system) in reforming the Russian penitentiary system in terms of humanizing relations both between employees and convicts, and between employees themselves. The role of the departmental higher education institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the education of the future employee of the penal system as a person and professional is substantiated. The value content of the moral education of cadets of a departmental university is determined, in which a special place belongs to ethical responsibility, as a value that finds an imperative continuation in the requirements imposed on the employee of the penal system by professional ethics. The scientific ideas of scientists about the professional ethics of an employee of the penal system, which reflects the norms and requirements for an employee, are analyzed. It is substantiated that the professional ethics of an employee of the penal system provides value content for the implementation of the moral education of cadets.

The reason for referring to the topic of the article is the search for new approaches to the educational process development in the Rosgvardiya military institutes in dynamically changing conditions. Russian pedagogical practice has accumulated a large number of innovations which could be used in the process of improving the cadets’ training and education. Among the innovative achievements, the pedagogical system of A. S. Makarenko occupies a special place. Naturally, it is recognized as one of the best in the world in the 20th century. The use of the educational power of the team creates favorable opportunities for the formation and development of the best sides of the cadet’s personality.

When conducting a pedagogical experiment on the formation of a scientific worldview among foreign cadets studying at military universities in Russia, there was an urgent need to conduct control measures at one of its intermediate stages in order to establish the effectiveness of the methodology used. The formative methodology is a special course that is designed to help the faculty and command staff of a military university adapt a foreign serviceman faster and better to the realities of life in a foreign country for them. To assess the dynamics of the formation of the foundations of the scientific worldview of foreign servicemen, control and measuring materials (CMM) were used, and the method of expert assessments was used to solve the issues of forecasting and assessing the quality of this methodology. This article is devoted to these issues.

The article is devoted to the study of the cadets’ professional and ethical training organization in military institutes of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation. The theme topicality is revealed, approaches to the organization of the professional and ethical training of the cadets and formed views on the problem solution are analyzed. The aim and objectives of the professional and ethical training of the cadets in the Rosgvardia military institute are formulated. The author’s view on the organization of professional and ethical training of cadets is presented.The functional model of the pedagogical system of the professional and ethical training of the cadets in the Rosgvardia military institute is revealed. Conclusions are reached and recommendations are formulated in order to improve the effectiveness of professional and ethical training of the cadets in the Rosgvardiya Military Institute.

The article discusses the formation of professional and legal culture of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in conjunction with its structural components. Among the structural components of the formation of professional and legal culture of cadets, the following stand out: motivational, cognitive, activity and reflexive.

The article discusses the statement about the dominance of the motivational-value component over others in the development of the readiness of cadets of training military units for professional self-education. The study involved 123 cadets of the training battalion studying under the training program for military personnel, accepted for military service under a contract in military units for the protection of important state facilities, special cargo, facilities on communications. A comparative analysis of the hostel and educational motivation of cadets of the training battalion was carried out. The leading motives are revealed, and their comparative analysis is carried out at different stages of cadets’ professional training. Scientific novelty lies in the study of the influence of the motivational-value component on the readiness of cadets for self-education within the framework of the training program. As a result of the study, the need for purposeful creation of conditions for the development of the motivational-value component of readiness for self-education among cadets in training military units was revealed.

The article reveals the features of professional deformation of the personality of cadets in the process of their training at a military university. The main factors that have a significant impact on the professional deformation of cadets are: the characteristics of their self-actualization in their future profession, as well as the levels of professional burnout and satisfaction with military professional activities. It has been established that the professional deformation of cadets directly depends on their creativity, spontaneity, autosympathy, contact and flexibility in communication. The article proposes a program for the prevention of professional deformation of cadets.

The analysis of A. S. Makarenko’s views on the essence and nature of pedagogical logic in the organization of the educational process is carried out in the article. Pedagogical logic is considered as the implementation of the dialectical logic requirements in intellectual and organizational activities. The characteristic features of A. S. Makarenko’s pedagogical logic are revealed: dialectic, systematic approach, practicability, activity of the foster-child in the pedagogical process. The possibility of applying the pedagogical logic of A. S. Makarenko in the modern practice of education in the Russian National Guard Troops is shown. It is noted that it is unacceptable to simplify the ideas of A. S. Makarenko in problems of pedagogical logic.

The article reveals the essence and content of the leading pedagogical ideas of the outstanding Russian classic of Soviet pedagogy A. S. Makarenko and identifies the main directions of their use in the process of professional training of future officers. The fundamental differences between teaching and upbringing, the specifics of “team pedagogy”, the critical position of A. S. Makarenko to the opponents of official pedagogy are revealed. The accentuation of methodological provisions based on the fundamental foundations of the pedagogical concept of A. S. is reflected. Makarenko and his practice-oriented achievements are presented, which are really and potentially aimed at solving the state task of educating a new person in the system of collective formation, as a means of building the future of the country and humanity.

The article reveals the main pedagogical conditions for the formation of financial literacy of cadets of military institutes, the presence of which is objectively necessary for the formation of economic culture, including financial literacy. The material of the article determines the need to optimize pedagogical conditions in the educational activities of the military institute, as a key factor that has a direct impact on the formation of financial literacy of cadets in the process of vocational education.

The article is devoted to the organization of independent creative activity of cadets in order to form cognitive potential. The article describes the organizational conditions for activating the research potential of cadets and the conditions for their implementation. The forms of independent research activity of cadets are considered: creation of a portfolio, participation in thematic Olympiads, preparation of scientific reports and essays, etc. The ways of development of the cadets’ scientific worldview are indicated.

The article presents the results of an empirical study conducted at a military university with cadets of the first and fourth courses (40 people). The control group consisted of students of the humanities university — young men of the same age (40 people). The study was conducted using the Resilience Test of D. A. Leontiev and E. I. Rasskazova, the Scale of Existence of A. Langle and K. Orgler, the methodology “dominant motivation” by I. Y. Kulagina and V. N. Kolutsky. It is shown that the indicators of resilience, meaningfulness of life and spiritual and moral motivation are more expressed in cadets, compared to students. Features of mature value-sense and motivational sphere are considered in modern conditions as professionally important qualities of future officers.

The article gives a historical and pedagogical characteristic of the stages of the process of educating professional duty among future officers in military educational institutions of Russia in the early XVIII — early XX centuries. The components of the system of spiritual and moral values of students in Russian military schools of the studied period are reflected. The influence of the spiritual and moral values of society, the state and the armed forces of various historical stages of the formation of the Russian army and navy on the process of educating the professional duty of future defenders of the Fatherland is determined.

The article substantiates the need to identify the moral foundations of the professional activities of an employee of the penitentiary system (penal system) in the context of the problem of spiritual renewal of society. The importance of non-institutional regulators of relations between people, which are morality and morality, is argued in the implementation of a valuable attitude towards a person by an employee of the penitentiary system. It is substantiated that moral values as personal meanings, as meanings, as relationships form the moral foundations of the activity of a penitentiary officer. The role of moral values as the moral foundations of the activities of a penitentiary officer in expanding the content of professional training of cadets of a departmental higher education institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in terms of shaping the personality of a cadet who is able and ready to realize a value attitude towards another person both in professional activities and in life as a whole is revealed.

The article analyzes the essence of the didactic design of the training of military specialists in Russian universities, substantiates its structure, reveals the content of each element of didactic design, characterizes its role. The content of the article is focused on the grounded and practical application of didactic design in the training of officers for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, on solving the problems of pedagogy of the higher military school in the modern training of military specialists in Russian universities.

There are practically no works devoted to the problem of creative activity of a foreign language teacher in the process of preparing a lesson. In addition, in the methodological literature on pedagogy, little attention is paid to the consideration of theoretical approaches on the basis of which a solution to a problem is designed. The article outlines the concept of a teacher’s creative activity in the process of preparing a lesson based on control theory. An algorithm of actions is revealed based on the functions of management activities. The main content of actions at each stage is highlighted. The rules of pedagogical modeling are substantiated.