The purpose of the study described in the article is to determine the features of the formation of an ethnocultural code and state bilingualism among future teachers of the Middle Volga region, to characterize trends and prospects for the development of ethnocultural teacher education. It has been established that ethnocultural education in Russia has gone through several stages — the creation of national programs and textbooks; development of the scientific foundations of ethnocultural education, etc. These stages influenced the ethnocultural code of the participants in the educational process and the level of development of state bilingualism. The features of the development of the ethnocultural code of future teachers-philologists are analyzed. It is concluded that the prospects for the development of ethnocultural teacher training in Russia should be associated with the development of an ethnocultural code, the expansion of the scope of the native language and the support of national culture.