The article discusses the possibility of using the developments of the Moscow Methodological Circle (MMC) to improve education. The authors highlight such an aspect of the traditions of methodological communication that have developed in MMC as a specific practice of posing, clarifying and using questions. The first part of the article presents the results of an analysis of the practice of working with questions both at MMC seminars and at organizational activity games (OAGs). The authors discuss the role of questions in maintaining the integrity of methodological reasoning, highlight the types of questions in seminars, and describe a number of established techniques for working with questions. The authors consider the practice of working with questions at OAGs as a further development and technologization of the practice of working with questions at seminars. The role of positions (positional schemes) and the orthogonal organization of the discussion space in the formulation and use of questions is discussed. The second part of the article presents a number of interactive questioning techniques based on the developments of the MMC and the results of their use. Based on this experience, the authors conclude that the practices of working with questions that have developed in the Moscow Methodological Circle have great educational potential; Based on this experience, it is possible to develop methodological techniques, techniques and forms of educational situations that can be used in mass education both at university and at school.

A new interpretation of the famous work of Mikhail Prishvin “The chain of Kashchey” is proposed. The main ideas of the author’s concept of ontogenesis are outlined: the distinction between childhood and the formation of personality, the idea of cultures of life. Then, relying on the work “The chain of Kashchey” as an empirical material, the childhood of Kurymushka-Alpatov is analyzed: the situation of “prama”, the understanding of the adult world with the help of schemes, fairy tales and metaphors, the expansion of the child’s independence within the framework of prama, the attitude towards the hero’s mother and governess Masha. The next section of the study is outlined — a characteristic of the formation of the personality of KurymushkiAlpatov. Here are considered: the disintegration of prama, a deep crisis of development, switching of relations to the children’s community, the formation of thinking, the first independent actions, fluctuations in terms of self-determination of the individual.

The article reviews the views of various authors on the structural components, origins and mechanisms of self-consciousness development in ontogenesis. Interpretation of the process of development of self-consciousness in early age from the position of cultural-historical psychology is offered.