The theoretical foundations of the study of the worldview of modern high school students are analyzed. The definition of a person’s worldview according to B. G. Meshcheryakov is taken as a basis, the main aspects of the study of the worldview of high school students are highlighted — the mentality and its prerequisites in family history, the content characteristics of the worldview and, above all, views on the relationship of a person with the surrounding world in connection with the ideas of high school students about themselves, the scientific nature of the worldview. Methodical methods of worldview research are outlined.