This article presents the psychological and pedagogical conditions, the consideration of which in the educational process will contribute to the formation of intercultural competence in primary school age, namely: the creation of an educating multicultural space, including through the organization of group forms of work of younger schoolchildren, increasing the level of professional competence of the teaching staff of an educational institution, taking into account the characteristics of the environment in which they live and are brought up primary school students, as well as the use of effective modern methods.

The article deals with the theoretical foundations of natural science education in primary school. The emphasis is placed on research to ensure the comprehensive development of the younger student’s personality by means of school subjects, since the quality of knowledge formation in younger students is the basis for the development of natural disciplines in middle and high school. The theoretical aspects of the formation of a system of natural science knowledge and skills among younger schoolchildren, as well as personal and value orientations necessary for their comprehensive perception and interaction with the surrounding world, are considered. Such components of the educational process as thoughtful comprehension of the received information on academic subjects, objective assessment of theoretical and practical achievements of schoolchildren are considered. The presented scientific work summarizes the theory and systematizes the theoretical aspects of the issue under study.