The article proposes a new approach to the study of the educational situation of students with disabilities based on the ideas of the chronotope proposed by M. M. Bakhtin and developed in the works of V. P. Zinchenko. The chronotope is considered as a meaningful category denoting a temporal, spatial and value-semantic unity that determines the manifestations of personality in a specific situation. The main variants of the internal position of students with disabilities (“disabled person-student” and “student with disabilities”) and the conditions for the transformation of the chronotope of their educational situation, which becomes a prerequisite for creative changes in the internal position, are considered.