The article examines the ideas promoted in the XIX century by the Russian thinkers K. D. Ushinsky and N. Y. Danilevsky in parallel. The features and similarities in the concepts of scientists are highlighted. It is emphasized that K. D. Ushinsky’s pedagogical ideas are connected with the development of an education system. This system is aimed at the all- round development of the individual based on the basic values of Russian civilization. The idea suggested by both authors about the multivariability of the historical development of societies is confirmed. Moreover, the differences between European and Russian civilizations, reflected in the system of pedagogical education, are distinguished. The idea expressed by the thinkers of the XIX century about the necessity to preserve the traditional values of the Russian world is underlined.