The article examines the main features of education as a complex and differentiated process based on the influence of the environment, activity, communication and related to learning, socialization, identification and self-identification of a person by the example of an appeal to the peculiarities of the education system in mythopoetic societies. This article, being a continuation (Part 2) of an earlier study of the main features of the education system of mythopoetic societies, focuses readers’ attention on the folding of the process of identification and self-identification in the educational reality of age groups. It is shown that upbringing, which is largely synonymous with the concept of nurturing, is characteristic of a number of mythopoetic societies and has methodological significance in modern conditions, since it allows us to identify several significant moments for modern concepts of upbringing and education.