The article deals with the problem of the formation of the moral potential of students in educational organizations. Conceptual and theoretical statements about the essence and content of the moral potential of students are formulated. Sociological data on the research problem are given.

The article gives a historical and pedagogical characteristic of the stages of the process of educating professional duty among future officers in military educational institutions of Russia in the early XVIII — early XX centuries. The components of the system of spiritual and moral values of students in Russian military schools of the studied period are reflected. The influence of the spiritual and moral values of society, the state and the armed forces of various historical stages of the formation of the Russian army and navy on the process of educating the professional duty of future defenders of the Fatherland is determined.

The article substantiates the need to identify the moral foundations of the professional activities of an employee of the penitentiary system (penal system) in the context of the problem of spiritual renewal of society. The importance of non-institutional regulators of relations between people, which are morality and morality, is argued in the implementation of a valuable attitude towards a person by an employee of the penitentiary system. It is substantiated that moral values as personal meanings, as meanings, as relationships form the moral foundations of the activity of a penitentiary officer. The role of moral values as the moral foundations of the activities of a penitentiary officer in expanding the content of professional training of cadets of a departmental higher education institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in terms of shaping the personality of a cadet who is able and ready to realize a value attitude towards another person both in professional activities and in life as a whole is revealed.

The aim of the study was to study the existing practices of the formation of territorial identity in the framework of the educational process of a rural school. The purpose of psychological diagnostics was to study the social adaptation, activity, autonomy, moral education of students, the level of formation of their self-concept (self-attitude) and territorial identity. The study was conducted during 2022 on the basis of rural schools in five regions of the Russian Federation: Tambov, Sverdlovsk, Irkutsk, Saratov regions and the Krasnodar Territory. Students of 8–10th grades of rural schools in the amount of 771 people took part in psychological testing, of which 340 people were 8th graders, 330 people were 9th graders, 101 people were 10th graders. Distribution by gender: girls — 408 people, boys — 363 people. The results are presented that characterize students of rural schools in terms of such indicators as socialization, self-concept (self-attitude), territorial identity. The result of the analysis of existing practices of formation of territorial identity within the framework of the educational process of a rural school showed the need to develop pedagogical mechanisms for the process of formation of territorial identity.