The article deals with the problem associated with the formation of the foundations of the culture of interethnic relations among schoolchildren. The phenomenon of general and special is presented in the context of the culture of peoples of joint and adjacent residence, united by interethnic spiritual closeness in connection with a single place of development, feeding landscape, complementarity. The factors, pedagogical conditions of the process of studying the general and the special, which contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the culture of the peoples of Russia and the world, the formation, preservation and development of stable good-neighborly relations with representatives of neighboring states, are substantiated.