The article reveals methodological guidelines for preventing the failure of primary school students. The author focuses on the importance of taking into account general pedagogical, psychophysiological and social reasons. The paper identifies the problems of the educational process in primary school, substantiates the conclusion about the need to include health-saving technologies in the educational process of primary school, reducing the number of students in primary classes. The article reveals the essence of methodological tools that allow taking into account the peculiarities of bilingual students and providing their educational needs (using the example of AdygheRussian bilingualism).

The article presents the results of an empirical study conducted with 8 and 10 year old children studying in 2nd and 4th grades. 60 pupils took part in the study. The obtained data reflect the content parameters of junior school children’s perceptions of their future life and themselves as adults. It is shown that prognostic self-assessment practically does not change from 2nd to 4th grade.