The article presents the results of the study of crisis situations described by people who have experienced crisis states and coped with them. Based on the descriptions of crisis situations, the types of crisis states, their causes, components and signs will be highlighted.

The article presents a comparative analysis of the impact of various factors on perception of social tension by residents of Russia and Kazakhstan. Using the author’s questionnaire, two types of factors were identified. The difference in the factors influencing the perception of social tension is associated with a number of changes taking place in social society, as well as phenomena that cause tension and negative attitudes among residents of individual states. Common factors for residents living in the territories of different states (the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan) are acceptance of others and control. Statistically significant differences between the age category as a whole and individual psychological characteristics and categories of perception of social tension were revealed, among them: interest in life and psycho-emotional category and age group (p = 0,040); general resilience — the contradiction between changes and resistance to them (p = 0,024); interest in life — a decrease in the standard of living (p = 0,043). The results obtained form the basis for further quantitative research on this issue in the field of social tension.

A theoretical analysis of psychological literature on the relationship of socioal and demographic factors of age and work experience with the phenomenon of “emotional burnout” of education workers is carried out. Theoretical studies have shown an ambiguous relationship of these factors with the phenomenon of “emotional burnout”.

The purpose of the study is to develop organizational and pedagogical conditions for professional development of teachers in the prevention of hidden social orphanhood of students. Research methods: surveys, self-observation, self-assessment, analysis of diary entries and social passports of families. The expediency of implementing the development of professional skills of a teacher through “learning in activity”, involving teachers in research, project, directly pedagogical, advisory, etc. work is substantiated. The conclusion is made about the effectiveness of parallel work to improve the teacher’s qualifications and solve the tasks of preventing social orphanhood.

A new interpretation of the famous work of Mikhail Prishvin “The chain of Kashchey” is proposed. The main ideas of the author’s concept of ontogenesis are outlined: the distinction between childhood and the formation of personality, the idea of cultures of life. Then, relying on the work “The chain of Kashchey” as an empirical material, the childhood of Kurymushka-Alpatov is analyzed: the situation of “prama”, the understanding of the adult world with the help of schemes, fairy tales and metaphors, the expansion of the child’s independence within the framework of prama, the attitude towards the hero’s mother and governess Masha. The next section of the study is outlined — a characteristic of the formation of the personality of KurymushkiAlpatov. Here are considered: the disintegration of prama, a deep crisis of development, switching of relations to the children’s community, the formation of thinking, the first independent actions, fluctuations in terms of self-determination of the individual.

The article analyzes the problem of professional orientation and motivation of psychology students in the context of the sophomore slump. The approaches to understanding the essence of the sophomore slump in foreign and domestic literature are revealed, its connection with professional and pedagogical motivation is substantiated. The results of an empirical study of the level of professional orientation and motivation of second-year psychology students are presented. Some sophomores experience difficulties related to the lack of personal meaning in their professional education and lack of readiness for professional activity. The prevention of a sophomore slump can be carried out in the form of psychological and pedagogical support for students, special educational disciplines and the organization of classes that contribute to the assimilation of the role of a professional.

Social psychology of art provides great opportunities for the study of images that are reflected in mass sentiments and social ideas. This issue is especially relevant in conditions of an acute social crisis, when the implementation of empirical, field research is associated with objective difficulties. In this situation, psychological analysis of popular works of art provides interesting information. Within the framework of the psychology of art, the tools created by C. G. Jung based on the identification and study of archetypal images make it possible to reveal the social and psychological content at the level of deep mass processes. The article examines the images of parents, mother and father, created in the works of the German writer, rebel and anti-fascist H. Bцll.

The article examines the manifestations of crises of adulthood in men and women. The potential correlation of early maladaptive patterns and the course of the normative crisis of adulthood is being studied.

The article offers an analysis of the concept of “trauma”. The author, overcoming the crisis state of studying this phenomenon, interprets it at three levels: social, psychological and somatic, stating that currently the leading one is psychological. Problems are formulated that require the construction of a new understanding of trauma. Three options for the formation of trauma as an ideal object are considered, depending on the level at which changes to the whole are initiated. The argumentation of the provisions on trauma is based, on the one hand, on the author’s teaching about mental realities, on the other hand, on the analysis of specific cases (cases of trauma). The role of semiotic schemes in both explaining the process of trauma formation and its possible healing is discussed.

A variety of modern studies indicate the impact of parental divorce on various aspects of a child’s personality development. At the same time, we are talking mainly about children who find themselves in an urgent situation of parental divorce. The time-removed consequences of experiencing such a situation and their impact on marital well-being for grown-up children have not been sufficiently studied, which indicates the relevance of the stated issues. The presented research is aimed at studying the features of interpersonal relationships and family attitudes of spouses who experienced the disintegration of an integral parental family in childhood. In the course of this work, it was revealed that painful memories of parental divorce contribute to the formation of selfish and aggressive types of interpersonal interaction in close relationships, lead to dysfunctional marital attitudes.