The article analyzes the influence of national character on the socio-psychological adaptation of migrants in the new host society. The analysis of interaction is examined on the example of Russian-speaking migrants in Germany. In this connection, the author presents in detail the main factors influencing the formation of the German and Russian national character in the context of their historical interaction, as well as the characteristics of the current stage of relations. The article provides an analysis of the relevance and practical significance of the phenomenon of national character and its role in the adaptation of migrants to new living conditions with a view to their further successful self-actualization and the preservation of the mental well-being of interacting ethnic groups, both the arriving migrants and the receiving society, as well as the development of specific practical tools to address critical issues of international community interaction in matters of economic, migration and social policy.