The article deals with the problem of forming the experience of paradoxical thinking in future teachers as a factor of their readiness for innovative pedagogical activity. The study proves the importance of the formation of the designated thinking among students of pedagogical universities, the basic scientific concepts of the subject field are considered and analyzed. The paper describes the elements of the process of forming the experience of paradoxical thinking in future specialists, offers a theoretical model of this process, and also shows the results of verification of the developed model in the real professional training of future teachers.

Referring to the origins of the domestic pedagogical science — the works of K. D. Ushinsky, and considering them through the prism of vocational pedagogical education, the authors present an updated vocational education teachers training model. The presented model includes methodological, content and semantic, methodical and instrumental, evaluative and reflexive components. The greatest attention in the article is paid to the first, methodological component, which becomes the conceptual guideline of the entire model. It includes target settings (teacher’s training, capable of self-development, self-education and self-formation and self-education because of the formed desire to work), principles (systematicity, consistency, connection between theory and practice, conformity to nature), conditions (the creativity in relation between teacher and student) and approaches (working-based, competence-based, personality-oriented), originating in the ideas of K. D. Ushinsky.

Socio-economic changes in the national economy of the country also affect the education system. Following the changes in the economy, there is a transformation in the education system: new approaches are being introduced to the organization, content and management of the educational process. One of the successful innovations was the use of a cluster approach. However, the pandemic has brought significant changes to the educational process. Distance, blended learning, digitalization have expanded educational opportunities. Numerous educational organizations have emerged (courses, schools, knowledge centers, etc.). They are in demand by students. They are not included in the educational clusters, and they do not want to be. This means that new forms of educational process management are needed, for example, an ecosystem approach in education. Educational ecosystems allow students to constantly update their knowledge, master new competencies throughout their lives, thereby creating a human ecosystem.

In Western society, psychotherapy has historically been seen more often as a communication focused more on the verbal than on the non-verbal. The author draws attention to the underestimation of non-verbal components in psychologist-client interaction. The specialist’s competence in nonverbal communication greatly improves the understanding of his or her counterpart, which in turn has a positive impact on the process of establishing and maintaining a therapeutic (working) alliance.

The article considers the substantiation of the principle of scientific character in the pedagogical heritage of K. D. Ushinsky in the late XIX — early XX century. The author traces one of the aspects of the formation of the construction of a new education system, in which a special place is occupied by the problem of scientific learning in educational institutions of the Russian Empire, the formation of a scientific worldview of students, purposeful teaching methods of scientific cognition, stimulating students’ needs for independent acquisition of scientific knowledge. The priority of the tasks of scientific higher education in the late XIX — early XX century is noted. The article presents the prerequisites for the emergence of national scientific pedagogy in the country and the factors contributing to the consideration of this topic in K. D. Ushinsky’s scientific and pedagogical research. The contribution of K. D. Ushinsky and his contemporaries to the development of the theory of didactic principles, to the development of domestic didactics is noted, their joint search for effective forms and methods of teaching for mastering the content of education in accordance with the requirements of scientific knowledge is presented. Progressive ideas and pedagogical recommendations of K. D. Ushinsky on the issue of professional pedagogical skills and scientific activity of a teacher are considered. The conclusion is made about the possibility of creative use of the accumulated experience in modern conditions.

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study aimed at substantiating physical culture and sports (hereinafter referred to as PСаS) professional standards that are a high priority for the Voronezh region. It is advisable to use them as a reference point for the adjustment of the main professional educational program of higher education 49.03.01 “Physical culture”, program track “Physical education”. The study was carried out during the period 2020–2023 and included identification of the needs of the region residents in the labor functions fulfillment of the employees in PСаS; a retrospective analysis of the formation and development of physical education in Russia; analytical work to identify the professional standards in the field of PСаS that are in demand in the region, and compared with the current Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education (3++) for the bachelor’s degree program “Physical culture and Sports”. As a result, we found that the only universal standard corresponding to labor activity in all types of institutions of the Voronezh region is the professional standard 05.008 “The head of the organization (division of the organization) carrying out activities in the field of physical culture and sports”. Since training of the most popular physical education personnel in the region is carried out within the framework of the program 49.03.01 “Physical culture”, program track “Physical education”, the following standards should also be among the priorities: 05.005 “Specialist in instructional and methodological work in the field of physical culture and sports”, 05.012 “Trainer-teacher”, 05.013 “Specialist in the promotion of fitness services”, 05.017 “Fitness specialist (fitness trainer)”, 05.018 “Specialist in school and student sports”.

The article considers the educational space of the university as a basis for the development of the student’s personality. Methodological approaches to the definition of the essence of the concept of “educational space” are presented. The analysis of the terms “educational space” and “educational environment” is carried out. The levels that the educational space includes are considered; the factors on which the effectiveness of the space depends, as well as the principles on which it is necessary to rely when designing the educational space of the university. As an example, the educational space of Kaluga State University named after K. E. Tsiolkovsky is considered as a set of educational environments of different orientation (educational, scientific, cultural and creative, information and digital, professional, etc.), focused on various youth activities that form the pedagogical design of a modern university. The degree of satisfaction of students with the conditions created within the framework of a specific university environment was revealed, based on data obtained from a survey of students conducted by the Center for Licensing, Accreditation and Quality of Education of K. E. Tsiolkovsky KSU.

The article presents a study of the peculiarities of reading belletristic and scientific texts through various gadgets. Hypotheses about the influence of various gadgets on the speed of reading and understanding of belletristic and scientific texts were experimentally tested. 30 high school students aged 16–18 alternately read 4 scientific and 4 belletristic texts from a computer, tablet, phone (smartphone) and paper. It was revealed that the use of various gadgets when reading leads to different reading speeds and different degrees of understanding of the text, while using different media, the speed and understanding of belletristic and scientific texts are different.

The article highlights the features of child-parent relations between adolescents and their parents; it is shown that the full picture of child-parent relations, their complexity and specificity can be understood only by comprehensively examining families, in particular separately fathers, mothers and their children; it is demonstrated that not only the attitude of parents to children, but also the attitude of children to parents it is no less significant and can have an impact on the nature of child-parent relations and, as a result, on the well-being of the child.

Speech disorders in children with cancer are currently poorly understood. There are few scientific studies on this topic. This determined the relevance of our research. The article touches upon the features of speech therapy techniques in a pediatric oncological institution.

The article discusses the features of school anxiety of modern children aged 8–9 years, provides the results of the analysis of indicators for individual factors of school anxiety. The relationship between the features of the manifestation of school anxiety and the level of educational motivation of younger schoolchildren was found.

The article considers listening as an object of perceptual and semantic activity of students in the formation of foreign-language intercultural competence. The author analyzes the perception of foreign language speech as a multilevel hierarchical structure of mental activity. The metacognitive approach is considered as the basis of educational activity. The author analyzes modern approaches to the perception of auditory information, in particular, “topdown” and “bottom-up”. The article examines the problems faced by students of a language university in the process of learning listening in professionally directed foreign language teaching. Considerable attention is paid to the description of the stages of listening training and exercises at the appropriate stage. Considerable attention is paid to the description of the stages of listening training and exercises at the appropriate stage. The author comes to the conclusion that when teaching listening to students of a language university, it is necessary to observe stages, be sure to use analysis and introspection as separate stages, and also at the last stage include communicative tasks and problem situations in the work as one of the effective means of teaching the process under study.

The article presents the results of an empirical study conducted with 12-year-old adolescent girls studying in the 6th grade. When analyzing the self-esteem of adolescent girls, emphasis was placed on the parameters of self-esteem, reflecting the external attractiveness, significant at this age for building a system of interpersonal relationships with peers. We used self-esteem scales T. Dembo — S. Y. Rubinstein and body satisfaction BAS (Avalos). The relationship of body satisfaction with self-esteem of beauty, happiness and self-confidence was shown.

The article presents the results of All-Russian studies on the formation and development of civil-patriotic values in modern Russian school, and the psychological and pedagogical conditions of their formation are analyzed. The search for new approaches to solving actual theoretical and practical problems of civil and patriotic education of schoolchildren has been carried out. Effective and promising ways of improving patriotic education in general education organizations have been identified, and the importance of online information resources in the process of educating teenagers in the context of digitalization of education has been updated.

The article analyzes the characteristic features of changes in the functioning of the pedagogical systems of the military units of the Russian Guard in the period from 2017 to the present. The problematic and contradictory nature of these changes is noted. The positive and negative aspects of solving educational tasks are revealed. Ideas are put forward about the organization of a criterion system for evaluating the pedagogical system of a military unit.

A new educational paradigm in the context of socioal and cultural transformations and challenges of the modern information society determines the updated guidelines for the goals of the modern system of higher education. The positions of the development of the personal potential of the student are updated; centering on the student’s personality as a subject of selfdetermination, self-development, self-realization; mobile, capable of presenting uniqueness, success in the new changing conditions and requirements of society and the labor market from the standpoint of existing indicators of knowledge, skills, resources for productive action and opportunities for development. Solving the problem of understanding the use of the possibilities of the educational space of the university to form the image of a future specialist has become the main task of the study.

In connection with the current trends in the development of Russian society, there are also relevant requirements for the modernization of higher pedagogical education, focused on the formation of active and creatively thinking teachers-researchers. The substantiation of conditions ensuring the development of readiness for reflexive activity among students of the pedagogical magistracy in the process of research activity remains out of the field of view of researchers. The purpose of this article is to reveal the pedagogical potential of research work in the development of readiness for reflexive activity among students of the pedagogical magistracy. The result of the study was the position that the potential of the pedagogical magistracy can be considered as an important educational resource that creates opportunities for students to move into the position of self-governing subjects.

Global changes in the geopolitical situation in the country and the world, in the socio-cultural space, large-scale informatization and media pressure have a direct impact on society, cause active modulations of behavior and value-semantic sphere in the younger generation of Russia, projecting their future in a situation of extreme uncertainty. The choice of effective strategic directions of educational policy in the context of uncertainty within the framework of the general education system is a necessary but insufficient condition. Strategic objectives of the implementation of educational policy should be provided with effective technologies that meet the requirements of the time and society.

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the important role of folk musical instruments in Chinese preschool musical education, as well as the need to prepare students — future kindergarten teachers in China, to use Chinese folk musical instruments in introducing preschoolers to Chinese folk music. Based on the analysis and generalization of theoretical and scientific-methodical sources, as well as Russian experience, the article reveals the potential of early education of children in elementary music playing on simple Chinese folk musical instruments in the development of their musicality.