Статья подготовлена в рамках реализации программы «Приоритет-2030», стратегический проект «Новая среда жизни», проект «Социогуманитарное конструирование будущего: мегаполис для поколения Z (цифровой сервис-технология “Мega-Z”)». Актуальность статьи обусловлена таким важным личностным вопросом для обучающихся школы в старших классах, как профессиональное самоопределение. Цель статьи заключается в описании исследования, направленного на выявление возможности применения коучинговых технологий в профессиональном самоопределении обучающихся старших классов общеобразовательных организаций. Авторами сформулировано положение о том, что профессиональное самоопределение обучающихся старших классов будет более эффективным при выборе в качестве мишеней психологического сопровождения познания обучающимися своих интересов, склонностей, способностей, отношения к определенному виду профессиональной деятельности. А эффективным методом психологического сопровождения может быть коучинг. Описаны показатели профессионального самоопределения современных обучающихся старших классов города Москвы. Доказано, что специально организованная программа психологического сопровождения профессионального самоопределения с помощью коучинговых методов позволяет повысить самопознание старших подростков и достигнуть значимого корреляционного согласования между эмоционально-потребностной и когнитивной, деятельностно-практическими сферами в профессиональном самоопределении старших подростков. Статья предназначена для психологов, работающих с проблемами профессионального самоопределения обучающихся старших классов.

The article analyzes the problem of professional orientation and motivation of psychology students in the context of the sophomore slump. The approaches to understanding the essence of the sophomore slump in foreign and domestic literature are revealed, its connection with professional and pedagogical motivation is substantiated. The results of an empirical study of the level of professional orientation and motivation of second-year psychology students are presented. Some sophomores experience difficulties related to the lack of personal meaning in their professional education and lack of readiness for professional activity. The prevention of a sophomore slump can be carried out in the form of psychological and pedagogical support for students, special educational disciplines and the organization of classes that contribute to the assimilation of the role of a professional.

The article reviews the views of various authors on the structural components, origins and mechanisms of self-consciousness development in ontogenesis. Interpretation of the process of development of self-consciousness in early age from the position of cultural-historical psychology is offered.

The article considers the cultural and value orientations of specialists in the helping field of activity. Aspects of cultural intelligence are touched upon. The concept of culture is considered as a system of values that forms a person’s well-defined value needs and orientations. This is especially relevant for specialists in the helping field of activity. The analysis of differences in the general level of cultural intelligence and cultural and value orientations of specialists of the helping field of activity is carried out.

In a study involving 114 students with disabilities studying at one of the technical universities in Moscow, a questionnaire of the student’s internal position (D. V. Lubovsky), a variant of the questionnaire of motives for teaching at the university (M. V. Ermolaeva) and an author’s questionnaire of professional identification (M. V. Ermolaeva, D. V. Lubovsky) were used. Three groups of students were identified according to the level of indicators of the internal position. The indicators of the motives of teaching at the university and identification with the content and conditions of future professional activity of representatives of the three groups are analyzed, the directions of their psychological and pedagogical support and prospects for further research are shown.

The article discusses the concept of “cyberbullying”, how common is this phenomenon, what are its consequences for the physical and mental health of the younger generation. The modern generation of teenagers master the Internet space early enough. Now the Internet space is the natural habitat of teenagers, which has both a positive and negative impact on the process of socialization. Acts of cyber aggression most often occur in social networks and messengers. Cyberbullying can go beyond the boundaries of the Internet into real life in the form of other manifestations of bullying, when the aggressor and the object of bullying are in the same school, in the same district or city and pose a serious threat to the psychological health of a teenager’s personality. To solve the problem of bullying and cyberbullying in the adolescent environment, the main directions of socal and psychological support in educational institutions should be: improving the psychological and pedagogical competence of teachers in the prevention of bullying and cyberbullying; individual consultations of children and adolescents by school psychologists; formation of positive relationships of teenagers in school collectives; legal education of children and parents regarding responsibility for participation in bullying; creation of an information security service in an educational organization.

The article presents the results of empirical testing of hypotheses about the various effects of Internet use on adult thinking process. The method of “Essential Signs” by Susanna Rubinstein was used as a tool for determining the state of thinking. Short-term effects were assessed in an intraindividual quasi-experiment, which revealed a significant growth of errors in reasoning under conditions of online search compared to the condition of print reading among the statistical majority (p < 0,01). Long-term effects were studied through a combination of cross-sections and ex post facto research. It was found that the logic of reasoning in adults who have abandoned print reading in favor of Internet practices is significantly worse than in adult readers (p < 0,01) and young people (p < 0,05) due to the emergence of sensoryspecific connections.

In this study we test one of the key assumptions of the analysis of wrong answers on the Standard Progressive Matrices test approach — the assumption that “behind the correct answer lies the application of the correct principle for solving particular problem”. This popular alternative approach to psychometric studies of intelligence is based on assumptions that have not been empirically tested. After applying thematic analysis to the transcripts of interview-conversations with 9 and 11 year olds, who solved test tasks out loud, we were able to refute this assumption. We were able to claster identified explanations for the correct answers into several groups, which include both the application of the correct principle, as well as a series of incorrect ones — for example, creating a collection or visually complementing a pattern.

The feeling of hope is presented as a resource for coping with the challenge of uncertainty, as an experience that represents the opportunity to act, to seek support in oneself and others. It is argued that hope is especially necessary for a person when he encounters difficult life circumstances that seem insurmountable to him. The psychotherapeutic meaning of hope is considered as a feeling of a possible transformation of reality and gaining confidence in the future. The resource possibilities of a sense of hope are considered in the context of the analysis of the films “A Long Happy Life” and “Moderato Cantabile (7 Days, 7 Nights)”.

The essence of persistence is explored, the main signs of persistence and persistent behavior are highlighted. The features of various manifestations of persistence and the division of the object of persistence are discussed. The strengths and weaknesses of the main approaches to the study of persistence are considered: analytical, multicomponent and systemic, as well as dynamic-behaviourist, motivational-analytical, emotional-analytical, regulatory-analytical, and performance-analytical. From the standpoint of a holistic-functional approach to the study of personality traits, proposed by A. I. Krupnov, proposed a refined author’s definition of persistence.

The article analyzes the influence of national character on the socio-psychological adaptation of migrants in the new host society. The analysis of interaction is examined on the example of Russian-speaking migrants in Germany. In this connection, the author presents in detail the main factors influencing the formation of the German and Russian national character in the context of their historical interaction, as well as the characteristics of the current stage of relations. The article provides an analysis of the relevance and practical significance of the phenomenon of national character and its role in the adaptation of migrants to new living conditions with a view to their further successful self-actualization and the preservation of the mental well-being of interacting ethnic groups, both the arriving migrants and the receiving society, as well as the development of specific practical tools to address critical issues of international community interaction in matters of economic, migration and social policy.

The article provides a meaningful analysis of one of the last monographic works of Doctor of Psychology, Professor R. M. Nagdyan (Republic of Armenia). The monograph consistently substantiates the possibility of applying a metaphysical approach to the study of minerals from the positions of psychology, philosophy, and additional sciences; propensity for errors of scientists to metaphysics. The study presents productive metaphysical possibilities for solving the problem of the adequacy of mental reflection in studies of various philosophical and psychological ideas about the relationship between the external world and the “image of the world”. From the standpoint of the metaphysical approach, the author shows the general scientific significance of the principle of symmetry as a universal tool for cognition; the applied possibilities of the metaphysically substantiated principle of symmetry in the construction of the author’s concept of education are also given. Analysis of the content of the monograph by R. M. Nagdyan is accompanied by relevant comparisons with modern studies of the problem of consciousness in psychology.

Patriotism was considered comprehensively in this article in order to develop scientific knowledge about theoretical and methodological foundations. The set of patriotism parts is offered: such as the subject and the object, subjective and objective sides. The System Model of the Patriotism’s subject is presented. It includes personal and social components with some elements, as well as the links between them.

The article discusses the issues of possible changes in the Russian education system, due to the current political and economic situation in the world. Perspective directions of the actual reformation of general and higher education are determined. As a methodological basis, the category of consciousness is considered, which allows amplifying the competence basis of modern Russian education.

The article is devoted to clarifying the concept of “relatedness” and determining the boundaries of the phenomenon. For this purpose, two studies were conducted: a focus group and a field survey. The focus group results the largest percentage of responses describe relatedness as the group affiliation. Moreover, three more representations of were identified: involvement — alienation, sense of wholeness — emptiness. The field research shows, confirmed previous results, and revealed two more representations. The subsequent theoretical analysis was aimed to describe the relationship between relatedness and related phenomena: social identity, ego-identity, attachment, dependence and social exclusion.

The article examines the developmental features of the maternal sphere of their personality in women with intact reproductive function, but suffering from infertility of unknown origin. We examined 104 women diagnosed with “unspecified infertility”, aged from 23 to 33 years. The control group consisted of 104 pregnant women who did not experience difficulties conceiving a child. The research was carried out using the projective technique of G. G. Filippova “Me and my unborn child” (interpretation proposed by I. V. Vshivkova), methods of R. V. Ovcharova and Yu. A. Degtyareva “Imaginations of an ideal parent”, modified in accordance with the purpose of our research; methodology “The roles of parent and child”, proposed by E. N. Vasilyeva and A. V. Orlov. It was revealed that women with infertility of unknown etiology are characterized by immaturity of the maternal sphere: a superficial and schematic image of the mother and the unborn child, internal rejection of motherhood with an external obsession with the idea of conceiving a child, vague ideas about the role of the mother, her functions, combined with the diversity of parental expectations. It is concluded that it is advisable to include in the content of psychological counseling for women with infertility of unclear etiology methods and technologies of working with the maternal sphere of their personality, psychological correction of images of motherhood and child-parent relationships, distorted due to the family situation of their development, providing assistance in understanding the intrapersonal conflict and its resolution through removing barriers to accepting oneself as a subject of parent-child interaction.

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the characteristics of voluntary activity in preschool children with disabilities. The study involved 35 children, 20 children with disabilities and 15 children of the normotypical comparison group. The study was carried out using a complex of psychodiagnostic and neuropsychological techniques aimed at identifying the functional formation of the components included in the structure of voluntary activity and executive functions. It was found that in children with disabilities, along with a specific profile of primary neurocognitive deficit, there are features of voluntary activity that are specific to different groups of disabilities and differ from the group of normative development. A methodological complex has been selected for the study of the components of voluntary activity and executive functions in preschool age.

The features of the manifestation of the syndrome of emotional burnout in teachers employed and representatives of the service sector who have their own business are revealed. The features of the organization of preventive measures in the prevention of emotional burnout among workers in different areas of service provision — entrepreneurship and hiring are highlighted. The authors revealed the personal factors that determine the emotional burnout of teachers and representatives of the business sphere who have at least 5 years of work experience, identified the targets of complex psychological support for the formation of the phenomenon under study.

The relevance of studying psychological security is due to such factors as: cardinal changes in the life of our country’s society (which are associated with social reforms, social tension, low quality of life for many residents of the Russian state); the need to create a social environment that is psychologically safe, develops and supports the personal potential of teachers and students, and also helps effectively reflect adverse external influences. The latter contributes to the successful development of a person’s personality. The article is devoted to the issues of psychological safety of the educational environment. The author examines the importance of this component for the success of the educational process, personal growth of students and the formation of a healthy psychological atmosphere in educational institutions. The paper describes in detail the essence of the psychological safety of the educational environment, its structure, sources, features, as well as the conditions for creating a psychologically safe educational environment.