Ideas about the content of innovation potential and its structure are considered. Research works of the resource basis of the innovative potential of the individual and the innovative potential of the team in different organizational cultures are presented. It is shown that the innovative potential of the team has an indirect relationship with organizational commitment, and this relationship is mediated by the characteristics of the organizational culture. It is concluded that in organizations with an innovative organizational culture, conditions are created for the manifestation of organizational commitment as a desire to participate in organizational transformations, which stimulates the innovative potential of the team and the individual.

Changes in labor legislation are defined as the unity of requirements for specialists, based on the implementation of professional standards that define generalized labor functions and other characteristics necessary for the training, selection and evaluation of the effectiveness of a specialist. However professional standards for such a category of workers as heads of educational organizations have not yet been approved. In the field of the implementation of the functions of managing educational organizations, there has long been a practice of considering these activities from a management perspective, but there are no clearly understood requirements for the level of professional training and qualifications of those who implement these functions. There was a contradiction between the increasing requirements for this category of employees and the lack of recognition of the management of educational organizations as an independent profession, which is also hindered by the introduction of clearly understood, normatively fixed requirements for them. While considering this document, a comparison is made with the already existing standard “Head of the organization”. The possibility and necessity of this standard application are proved before the specialized professional standard will be approved. The development of these standards based on the competency approach that is used to develop other professional standards in the Russian Federation. The application of these standards is fixed normatively and is mandatory for all employees of budget organizations. The implementation of such a standard will lead to the determination and consolidation of the acquisition of the social status of the profession as the head of the educational organization. The acknowledgment of this fairly massive activity as a profession will make it possible to use the entire arsenal of methods of economics and sociology, psychology of labor, for its description; the acknowledgment ensures transparency of requirements for school directors and heads of other educational organizations and allows to fix the requirements for persons appointed to these positions. At the same time, it becomes possible to purposefully prepare a personnel reserve and fully implement a personnel policy aimed at ensuring the quality of educational services. An unambiguous understanding of the rights, duties, and responsibilities of workers of this category at the territory of the country ensures their social and labor mobility and legal protection. Thus, the institutionalization of the profession will lead to the effectiveness of this category of specialists.

The article presents the results of a comparative historical study of the role of institutional factors of education in the content of the social situation of the development of Soviet and modern primary school students. As an objective component of the social situation of the development of schoolchildren, the laws on education corresponding to the historical period regulating the relationship between family and school were considered. The parameters of the subjective component of the social situation of development were motivational preferences, self-esteem and the level of claims, anxiety of younger schoolchildren. It is shown that the modality of institutional factors has a significant impact both on the educational environment itself and on the child’s attitude to the new system of social relations for him.

The article presents the results of a study on the relationship between the psychological climate in the team and motivation for success among the employees of the career center and the HR department of the company “DOM.RF”. The study revealed differences between the indicators of interns and permanent employees and demonstrated a direct relationship between the favorability of the psychological climate and a high level of staff motivation.

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the relationship between the socio-psychological climate and the socio-psychological well-being of employees. It is their relationship that determines the atmosphere in the team, the relationships and interaction between employees, the level of motivation and work efficiency. The article also provides recommendations for improving the socio-psychological climate of the organization.

The article substantiates the relevance of the study of universal learning actions of students of secondary vocational education (SVE). Against the background of the introduction of new means of assessing the educational results of students of secondary vocational education, there remains a need for the study of universal learning actions in conditions when, according to international monitoring of the quality of education, the indicators of Russian adolescents have slightly decreased, experimental studies of the formation of universal learning actions in secondary vocational students are becoming especially relevant. The specificity of the pedagogical approach to the study of the universal learning actions of SVE students is shown, the theoretical and practical significance of such studies is substantiated.

The article provides an overview of the current state of application of the concept of “structure of defect” in the practice of special psychology, pedagogy and defectology, as well as an analysis of the problems and shortcomings of differential diagnosis of types of impaired development due to the shortcomings of its conceptualization.

The question of the need to clarify the conceptual apparatus in the analysis of empirical data, including motivational indicators, is discussed. Various classifications of academic motives created on the basis of different theoretical approaches are reflected in the methodological tools, primarily in questionnaires. The material obtained with using of some projective techniques can be interpreted in different ways, based on different terminology. An adequate understanding of the data concerning academic motivation involves the correlation of the types of academic motives presented in different classifications. An attempt at such correlation is presented in this article.

The author of the article considers the problem of gaining the meaning of life through the development of sanogenic reflection, presents research data on the relationship of indicators of protective reflection with indicators of life meaningfulness, the level of depression, indicators of self-esteem, self-esteem, subjective happiness of students of the Art and Graphic Faculty of Moscow State University. The analysis of the obtained results is given.

The problem of general regularities of abnormal development are analyzed from the standpoint of cultural-historical psychology. The importance of its solution is substantiated not only for the problems of differential diagnostics of a child abnormal development, but also for designing the practice of psychological assistance in accordance with its individual characteristics. An interpretation of the regularities of abnormal development as violations, lags or distortions of the work of the regularities of normal mental development is proposed. The regularities of abnormal mental development can be divided into two groups: the first reflects deviations in the formation of higher mental functions, the second — deviations in the work of general development regularities that reveal the dynamics of changes and the systemic interaction of mental functions.

Philosophical thought, both in the past and today, is integrally intertwined with psychology in its various dimensions. Cartesian reflections by M. K. Mamardashvili determine the possibility of approaching the psychological understanding of the “New Philosophy”, as well as general scientific categories of consciousness and awareness. Comparison of the content of the categories of consciousness and awareness in the Cartesian formulation and in the modern “Science of consciousness” allows us to expand the understanding of the driving forces of human thought in its objective and subjective (personal) manifestations. Individual outstanding carriers of consciousness of various historical eras, objectifying their perception, emotions, intellect and will in a free dialogue (internal communication) in the language of philosophy, turn out, paradoxically, psychologically consolidated in a diverse continuum of real existence in combination with individual forms of other existence (certain or other types of transcendence).

The article shows the influence of clip culture on the change of cognitive schemes of modern youth. According to the results of the content analysis of students’ written works, educational conditions affecting the state of the flow in students’ educational activities are determined. This was the purpose of the work. The modern educational environment has signs of hypertext. In these conditions, it is important for young people to be the “author” of the text themselves, to manage the process of their professional formation. Among other needs, the following are highlighted: the need for individualization, for the emotional component of the educational process, for changing its tempo. The marker “linking knowledge to practice” acts as a filter in conditions of a large amount of information coming through different channels. The research is of interest to a wide range of specialists: psychologists, sociologists, cultural scientists, teachers.

В статье представлена модель процесса проектирования, названная моделью малых изменений. Она описывает процесс проектирования в разных сферах деятельности, таких как проектирование машин, программирование, искусство. Ключевая идея модели заключается в том, что любые изменения в проектируемых объектах происходят за счет неосознаваемого алгоритма, подобного тем, что используются в задачах эволюционной оптимизации, после чего следует сознательная интерпретации этих изменений. Модель объясняет некоторые явления, возникающие при проектировании, например эффект фиксации, и позволяет сделать выводы о том, как лучше обучать проектированию. Данную модель можно использовать для математического моделирования процесса проектирования.

Credits. Author expresses gratitude to S. G. Romanov and I. A. Mikhailova for preparing the software and collecting the empiric material. The article presents the results of a study of categorical color perception in children with different cognitive styles. Diagnostic was carried out according to two styles: field dependence/ field independence and impulsiveness/reflectivity. The sample consisted of 59 children of primary school age 8–11 years old. The study of categorical effects of color perception was carried out in a computer version of the visual search task in the yellow-green and blue color ranges. The results showed that there was a strong relationship between the two cognitive styles. In all cases, there were categorical effects: the speed of within-category color discrimination was higher than the between-category one. In impulsive and field-dependent children, there was a tendency to faster, but less accurate execution compared to reflective and field-independent children. Differences in categorical effects were clearly manifested in children with different cognitive styles: the difference in the time for performing within- and between-category tasks was greater in reflective and field-independent children.

The use of social stereotypes is a necessity of social interactions and one of the features of interpersonal relationships. As a result, they free a person from making individual decisions in typical situations. The aim of the study was to study the phenomenon of social stereotypy, which grows out of collective ideas and is based on them, to identify the features of social stereotypes of adults, and to detect factors that determine the degree of stereotyping of their thinking. In the format of a pilot study, a written survey and experimental work were conducted, in which 34 people took part. The average age of the respondents was 36,7 years. It is established that collective judgments about other people produce a social stereotype of a projective type; the features of social stereotypes tend to traditionalism and conventionalism; in the study of social stereotypes, the cognitive and value-emotional level of collective representations is important.

The article explores the complexity and dynamism of management activities in the context of modern changes and uncertainty, emphasizing the need to increase the professionalism of managers. The main focus is on the transformation of management activities and the importance of communication skills for effective management. Various approaches to understanding the personal qualities of a successful leader are considered. The determinants influencing adaptation to difficult situations, such as emotional stability and social support, are also discussed. The article emphasizes the role of feedback as a key tool for developing management potential and improving communication skills, which is the basis of successful management in organizations.

The article considers the concept of “reflection” as a philosophical method of cognition that has come to psychology. The question of the need to consider reflection at the level of the meta-process is raised. The results of the study of the attitude of psychologists-consultants from different cities to the need for training and the level of formation of a number of cognitive distortions in them are presented. Conclusions are formed about the most common cognitive errors and schematically sketched ways to correct them with access to constructive reflection.

The article deals with the psychological concept of “psychic trauma”, the author’s method of psychological assistance “Systemic formation of the life path of the individual”. Its consideration is proposed to be carried out on the basis of the “4D-existence of a person” model, which describes the relationship of a person with himself, the social world, the objective world and life activity. Psychic trauma is defined as a deformation of a person’s relationship with himself and the world. The types of deformation are considered: distortion, infringement, suppression, destruction, loss, initial absence. Diagnosis, verbal gathering of information about the client’s symptom is discussed.

The vital use of modern high-tech methods of treating brain tumors in children, such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, has led to a significant increase in the life of young patients. However, the localization of the tumor process, as well as the high toxicity of the treatment methods used, leads to a high percentage of various speech and cognitive disorders that can persist for a long period of time. The article considers the aspect of speech therapy in the conditions of the pediatric oncological treatment and rehabilitation scientific center. Correctional and developmental work is a necessary part of the third stage of medical rehabilitation in children with a neuro-oncological profile.

This article discusses the problems of stress in teachers associated with the use of digital educational technologies, as well as possible strategies for correcting this stress. The challenges that teachers face when using digital educational technologies are analyzed, as well as the opportunities provided by the new format of work for personal growth and development.